CAPF (AC) 2012 (Paper-1) (Question 101-125)

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established under the statute of Protection of Human Rights Act. It is an alternative non-judicial channel. Victims of human rights violations can seek reparation through NHRC. The power of NHRC is limited.

The National Human Rights Commission is an independent statutory body, established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
The commission serves as a guardian of human rights in India, overseeing the rights associated with life, liberty, equality, and the dignity of individuals. These rights are guaranteed by the Constitution of India and are also reflected in international covenants, like the Paris Principles on Human Rights.
Human Rights: Section 2(1)(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines human rights as the rights concerning an individual's life, liberty, equality, and dignity, which are protected by the Constitution or outlined in international treaties and can be enforced in Indian courts..

The UNCRC is a human rights treaty that sets the political, civil, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children.

• it is an international agreement that is legally binding on the members.
• It consists of 54 articles that spell out various children’s rights and also the measures governments should take in order to make these rights available to children.
  The CRC was adopted by the United Nations in 1989. It entered into force in 1990 after receiving the minimum of 20 ratifications.
• It has been ratified by all members of the UN except for the United States. It is the most widely ratified human rights treaty in the history of the world.
• Under the articles of the convention, all parties to it are required to ensure that children’s basic needs are fulfilled and they are able to reach their full potential.

Rights of the Child
The convention identifies a child as a human being below the age of 18. The CRC acknowledges that every child is entitled to fundamental rights, and some of the most important rights are as follows:

1. Right to life, survival and development.
2. Right to education that facilitates them to reach their full potential.
3. Right to protection from abuse, violence or neglect.
4. Right to express opinions and be heard.
5. Right to be raised by or have a relationship with their parents.

National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) was launched in 2008 to mitigate and adapt to the adverse impact of climate change. There are w8 sub-missions under this action plan.

In one of the submissions - National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency the aim is to increase energy efficiency through various measures including reducing energy consumption through demand-side management programs.

In Trade, hotels and restaurants, India had the highest percentage share to India's GDP in the year 2010-2011. Trade, hotels and restaurants accounted for 16.9% to the GDP of India in the year 2010-2011.
Current Growth Performance

• India’s economic output for the quarter reached Rs. 48.63 lakh crore, significantly higher than the previous year. The broad-based expansion shows that the current momentum goes beyond a
  mere post-pandemic rebound.
• Manufacturing grew 9.1%, indicating stronger industrial demand and higher capacity utilisation.
• Services expanded 9.2%, now forming 60% of GDP, with financial services at 10.2%, signalling buoyant credit growth and high transaction volumes.
• Agriculture, supported by improved reservoir levels and horticulture output, rose 3.5%, showing a slight improvement in rural incomes.
• Real GVA rose from Rs. 82.88 lakh crore to Rs. 89.41 lakh crore, confirming real value creation rather than price effects.
• Crucially, nominal GDP grew only 8.8%, showing that inflation, previously a major concern, remained under control through 2024-25.
• Household consumption grew 7.9%, reflecting resilient domestic demand.

The South-East Asian islands are rich in biodiversity. Hence this statement is incorrect and rest all other statements are correct. Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats are the two biodiversity hot spots in India.

Central American lowland and highland forests are identified as biodiversity hot spots and the biodiversity hot spots are mostly confined to the tropical and subtropical areas of the world.

Among these four Indian States Assam shares boundaries with the largest number of States. It shares boundaries with seven states Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and West Bengal.

Arunachal Pradesh shares boundaries with three other countries- China, Bhutan and Myanmar.

'Zero Mile Centre' of India is located in Nagpur. The nearest from the 'Zero Mile Centre' of India is Charminar which is located in Hyderabad.
About Charminar:

• Charminar was built by Sultan Mohammed Quli Qutb Shah in 1591.
• It was built in honour of his wife, Bhagmati.
• As per a popular belief, Charminar was built to acknowledge the elimination of the plague which had affected the entire city immensely during that era.
• The four pillars are also said to be dedicated to the first four caliphs of Islam.
• An Iranian architect Mir Momin Astrawadi, who had settled in Hyderabad, designed Charminar.
• The architectural design of Charminar is inspired from the Shia “tazias”.
• These Tazias were built in the memory of Hussain, who was the son in law of Prophet Muhammad and had lost his life in the battle of Karbala.
• Charminar has been built with granite and lime mortar and pulverised marble.
• On the top floor of Charminar there is a mosque which is believed to be the oldest mosque of Hyderabad city.
• The Charminar is situated on the east bank of Musi River.
• It is listed as an archaeological and architectural treasure on the official list of monuments prepared by the Archaeological Survey of India.
• Charminar, along with the Qutb Shahi Monuments of Hyderabad: the Golconda Fort, and the Qutb Shahi Tombs, were included in the “tentative list” of UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The monument was submitted by the Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO on September 10, 2010.

Mantle is composed of silicate rocks that are rich in Oxygen, Magnesium and Iron. The plane of separation between the crust and mantle is known as Mohorovicic discontinuity. The mantle contains more than two-third of the total material mass of the Earth. The inner core of the Earth is in solid state while outer core is in liquid state.