CAPF (AC) 2012 (Paper-1) (Question 51-100)

The Moplah peasant struggles took place in the Malabar region. It was led by Muslim Moplahs of south Malabar region of Kerala in 1921.

• The Moplah community, primarily Muslims in the Malabar region of Kerala, had long-standing grievances against the local landlords, mainly Hindu upper-caste Nairs and Brahmins. The region witnessed sporadic revolts in the 19th century due to the following reasons:
• Land Ownership System in Malabar: Malabar had a hierarchical agricultural system, with Jenmis—primarily Namboothiri Brahmins and Nair chieftains—owning vast tracts of land that were hereditarily granted. They leased the land to tenants in return for a portion of the produce as they were unable to
  cultivate the land themselves.
• Invasion of Hyder Ali: As Malabar was conquered by Hyder Ali of Mysore in the late 1700s, Hindu landlords fled from Malabar, fearing persecution and forced conversion. As a result, Moplah tenants gained greater control over the fields they cultivated.
• The defeat of Tipu by the British: Following the defeat of Tipu in the 4th Anglo-Mysore war, Malabar was seized by the British and incorporated into the Madras Presidency. With British assistance, the Jenmis made a comeback and recaptured their territory.
• Land Reforms: Eventually the Jenmis were able to remove the Moplah tenants and raise rents dramatically after the British imposed new legislation that recognized Jenmis’ lands as private property. This resulted in numerous disputes and riots between 1836 and 1896...

The Coriolis effect is weakest at the equator while the effect is strongest at the poles. It is due to this reason Hurricanes rarely form within 5 degrees of the equator.

• Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters near the equator where warm, moist air rises from the ocean’s surface, creating low air pressure.
• They are fueled by the heat and moisture evaporating from the ocean, forming clouds and spinning due to the Earth’s rotation.
• As the storm system intensifies, an eye forms at its centre, with storms rotating counterclockwise north of the equator and clockwise south of it.
• Warmer sea surface temperatures due to climate change may lead to slower decay of hurricanes upon landfall, potentially increasing their severity.

Geographic grid is the total system of parallels and meridians that form a network of intersecting tines.

• Geographic pattern: The spatial arrangement or distribution of objects (e.g., clustered, dispersed, linear).
• Geographic arrangement: The specific layout or distribution of features, such as in a linear, random, or grid formation.
• Geographic polygon: A type of spatial data element in GIS used to represent area features (e.qg., lakes, country boundaries).

The Earth's rotation causes the Earth to bulge slightly at the equator and flatten at the poles. It is the phenomenon observed in rotating heavenly bodies.
Facts About Earth

1. The Earth is also known as the Blue Planet because of its vast oceans, covering 71% of its surface. The name “Earth” comes from Old English and is a translation of Erthe, and the ancient Germanic people first used it to refer to their world.
2. The Earth is a terrestrial planet, but it is not exactly spherical; it bulges at the equator due to its rotation around its axis. At its widest point (the equatorial diameter), the earth’s diameter is 12,757 km (7,925 mi).
3. The earth’s crust comprises several plates that move over a viscous asthenosphere. This causes earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountains and oceanic trenches. Meteorites have melted the earth’s outermost layer, which is thin and solid, to form an iron core at its centre.
4. The gravitational interaction between the earth’s gravitational field and the moon causes ocean tides, which are effects that influence the shape of oceanic basins, particularly the Pacific Ocean basin. The gravitational pull on earth’s gravitational field varies by latitude and location.

• Sedimentary rocks are those that are created at the Earth's surface by the deposition and lithification (compaction and cementation) of sediment particles with the help of moving water, wind, ice, or living creatures.
• Sediments transported by various denudational agencies such as running water, wind, and sea waves are eventually deposited in depressions varying in size from small ponds to huge basins.
• The compaction and consolidation of these layers into a stiff mass of rock known as sedimentary rock occurs as sediments are deposited layer by layer over thousands or millions of years.
• The most important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification.
• The actions of wind and rain, which gradually break down huge boulders into smaller ones, are included in erosion and weathering.
• Boulders and even mountains are eroded and weathered into sediments like sand and mud.
• Chemical weathering, or dissolution, is a type of weathering where slightly acidic water progressively wears away stone in this method.
• The hardening of layers of loose sediment into rock is known as lithification. Cementation and compaction are the two processes that makeup lithification. These three processes provide the foundation for the formation of new sedimentary rocks.
•  Sediments might be coarse, fine, soft, or firm in texture.
• Sediments are particles that form naturally as a result of weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks.
• Common sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale.

All the statements are correct as Creepers also known as climbers are commonly found in tropical rain forests. Epiphytes are plants that take shelter on other plants only for support and their roots are not in the ground. These types of plants are not necessarily only creepers.

General Bikram Singh served as the 25th Chief of Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army. Prior to appointment as COAS, he was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of Indian Army's Eastern Command. He is a Veteran infantry Officer of the Indian Army.

The Sahara India Pariwar has signed an agreement with the Bangladesh Government to design and develop a new city near Dhaka named Notun Dhaka (New Dhaka). Memorandum of understanding was signed between Sahara India's -Sahara Matribhumi Unnayan Corporation and the Bangladesh government to build affordable housing for low income groups.

Roger Federer was the winner of Men's Singles Wimbledon Championship, 2012. He defeated Andy Murray to win a record-equalling seven Wimbledon titles.

• The men’s singles title at Wimbledon 2025 was won by Jannik Sinner.
• He defeated Carlos Alcaraz in the final in four sets with the score 4-6, 6-4, 6—4, 6—4.
• This victory marked Sinner’s first Wimbledon title and a major milestone in his career.
• With this win, he became the first Italian player to win the Wimbledon men’s singles championship.

In Pakistan the Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani forced to step down. Supreme Court rules PM's conviction for contempt effectively and disqualified him from serving as Member of Parliament.