CAPF (AC) 2014 (Paper-1) (Question 101-125)

The Mariana trench is the deepest part of the Oceans. The trench was first sounded during the Challenger expedition in 1875. The trench is about 2550 km long and an average width of only 69 km.

At the bottom of the trench, the water column above exerts pressure over 1000 times the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level. Thus, all the options are correct but option (a) is incorrect, and it is the correct answer.

The Pacific Ocean spans both the Western and Southern Hemispheres and is the largest ocean in the world, covering approximately 329 million square kilometers. It is flanked by Asia on the west and the Americas on the east, holding more than half of Earth’s total water.

The ocean hosts both warm and cold currents, shaped by the movement of major tectonic plates, including the Pacific Plate drifting northwest toward South America and the North American Plate moving southwest toward Asia.

This tectonic activity creates regions of varying temperatures across the ocean. The Pacific Ocean is commonly divided into three main sections: the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and the Pacific portion adjoining the Indian Ocean, with the Bering Strait acting as a narrow separation between some of these regions.

So, at 10th step from the bottom will they meet.

The correct matching sequence is as follows:

• The Sargasso Sea, located entirely within the Atlantic Ocean, is the only sea without a land boundary.
• It is named for Sargassum, a holopelagic, golden drift algae that can aggregate to form extensive floating mats on the surface of the ocean.
• This extraordinary open-ocean ecosystem is bounded by currents circulating around the North Atlantic sub-tropical gyre and is unique for supporting the center of distribution and abundance for a community of continuously pelagic drift algae.
• It provides habitats, spawning areas, migration pathways and feeding grounds to a diverse assortment of flora and fauna, including endemic, endangered, and commercially important species.
• The Gulf Stream establishes the Sargasso Sea’s western boundary, while the Sea is further defined to the north by the North Atlantic Current, to the east by the Canary Current, and to the south by the North Atlantic Equatorial Current.

Total duration of the class from 11:00 am to 2:27 pm = 3 hr 27 min = 207 minutes

After every period a rest of 5 minutes is given to the student.

So, there will be 3 rest in 4 periods.

∴ Rest time = 3 × 5 = 15 minutes

Remaining time = 207 - 15 = 192 minutes

There 192 minutes will divide in 4 equal duration period.

∴ Exact duration of each period = 192/4 = 48 minutes

A chemical change results in the formation of new substances with different chemical properties, while a physical change alters the form or appearance but not the chemical composition.

1. Tempering of iron: This process involves heating iron (usually steel, an alloy of iron) to a certain temperature and then cooling it in a controlled manner.
   Tempering changes the microstructure of the iron alloy, affecting its hardness and toughness.While it alters physical properties and the arrangement of atoms within the crystal structure, it does not typically involve a chemical reaction that forms entirely new chemical substances like oxides or carbonates.
   Therefore, tempering is primarily considered a physical process modifying the material's structure and properties.
2. Conversion of the iron piece into an electro-magnet by passing the current around the iron: When electric current flows through a coil wrapped around an iron core, the iron becomes magnetized. This is a magnetic effect caused by the electric current.
   The iron itself does not undergo any chemical transformation; it remains iron (Fe). Removing the current causes the magnetism to largely disappear (for soft iron). This change is purely physical, related to the alignment of magnetic domains within the iron.
3. Melting of iron: Melting is a change of state from solid to liquid. When iron melts, it changes its physical form but its chemical identity remains the same; it is still iron (Fe), just in a liquid state. This process is reversible (liquid iron can solidify upon cooling). Changes of state are classic examples of physical changes.
4. Rusting of iron: Rusting is a chemical reaction where iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture to form hydrated iron(lll) oxide, commonly known as rust (Fe203-nH20Fe203-nH20). Rust is a new substance with properties vastly different from iron.The chemical equation for rusting is complex but can be
   simplified as: Fe(s)+02(g)+H20(I)>Fe203-nH20(s)Fe(s)+02(g)+H20(l)>Fe203-nH20(s) This is a clear example of a chemical change because new chemical compounds are formed.

One of India's apex and highly significant physical divisions is the Peninsular Plateau. The Southern plateau block is formed mainly of granite and gneiss. The Deccan lava plateau is an elevated tableland consisting of horizontally arranged lava sheets.

The 'trough of the Narmada and Tapti' is interposed between the Vindhyan and the Satpura ranges. All these three statements are correct, therefore, option (b) is correct.

In series (a) the letter (c) will not look the same; in series (b) the letter N will not look the same and in series (d) the letter S will not look the same. However, in series (c) all the letters will look similar when looked at in the mirror. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.

Among the given fuels, diesel is the highest air polluter followed by petrol. CNG is the least air pollutant among these fuels. Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.

• Air Pollution refers to the contamination of the atmosphere and the environment due to harmful substances that affect human health, ecosystems and the climate.
• Air Pollution appears in the form of gases, solid particles and the combination of both.
• Causes of air pollution include industries, vehicles, burning of fossil fuels and natural processes like dust storms.
• Air pollution is one of the most serious forms of environmental pollution all over the world.

The three important rivers of the Indian subcontinent to have their source near the Manasarovar Lake are the Brahmaputra, the Indus and the Sutlej. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.
The Great Himalaya

• Also known as Inner Himalaya, Central Himalaya or Himadri.
• Average elevation of 6,100 m above sea level and an average width of about 25 km.
• It is mainly formed of the central crystallines (granites and gneisses) overlain by metamorphosed sediments [limestone]. {Rock System}
• The folds in this range are asymmetrical with steep south slope and gentle north slope giving ‘hog back (a long, steep hill or mountain ridge)’ topography.
• This mountain arc convexes to the south just like the other two.
• Termi nates abruptly at the syntaxial bends. One in the Nanga Parbat in north-west and the other in the Namcha Barwa in the north-east.
• This mountain range boasts of the tallest peaks of the world, most of which remain under perpetual snow.