CAPF (AC) 2014 (Paper-1) (Question 51-100)

In the presidential system of government, the president is directly elected by the people. The United States has a system in which an electoral college is elected by the people and who then votes for the president.

The president is the Head of Government is also the Head of State. There is a separation of Executive and Legislative powers. The president (executive) can veto legislative acts. Therefore, option (c) is correct.

The Permanent Settlement was a Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793. It was introduced in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi.

But it was not extended to other regions because the increase in agricultural prices after 1810 increased the value of the harvest while the Permanent Settlement disallowed an increase in the State's share.

The East India Company found it expedient to settle directly with the ryots and David Ricardo, a classical economist who wrote about the theory of comparative advantage, theory of rents, etc. also influenced the policymakers. Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

Manik Sarkar of Tripura is an Indian politician who served as the Chief Minister of Tripura from March 1998 to March 2018. In March 2008, he was sworn in as leader of Left Front, the Tripura coalition government.

In assembly elections held in 2013, he became the chief minister for the fourth consecutive time. Currently, he serves as the Leader of Opposition in the Tripura Legislative Assembly. Thus, option (a) is the answer.

A Constitutional Democracy is a form of limited government because the authority of the majority is limited by legal and institutional means so that the rights of individuals and minorities are respected. The constitution is the basis of public authority.

A Constitutional Democracy need not always give its citizens universal adult franchise and its monarchy need not be the formal head of the state. This is the form of democracy practiced in the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, the United States, and other countries. Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.

• Vijayanagara Empire, founded by Harihara I and Bukka Raya I in 1336, was a dominant Southern India empire until the late 17th century. It was ruled by four dynasties—Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu.
  Known for its administrative structure, the empire had a well-organized polity with governors overseeing provinces, and its economy thrived on agriculture, trade, and industry.
• The empire flourished in art, literature, and architecture, with Kannada, Telugu, Sanskrit, and Tamil literature gaining prominence. The internal conflicts, succession disputes, and the Battle of Talikota in 1565 led to its decline.
• The Vijayanagara kingdom encompassed the entire Southern India, extending to Rameshwaram, including Tamil Nadu and the territories of the Cheras in present-day Kerala. From 1336 to 1646 AD, it was ruled by sixteen rulers from four dynasties.
• Sangama Dynasty (1336-1485): First dynasty to rule over the Vijayanagara empire. The founders of the empire, Harihar | and Bukka, belonged to this dynasty.
• Saluva Dynasty (1485-1505): Founded by Narasimha, succeeded the Sangama dynasty as the second dynasty of the empire. They ruled over almost the whole of South India.
• Tuluva Dynasty (1505-1570): Founded by Vir Narsimha, the most famous king of the Vijayanagar Empire, Krishna Deva Raya belonged to this dynasty.
• Aravidu Dynasty (1570-1650): Founded by Tirumala, this was the fourth and last Hindu dynasty to rule the Vijayanagar kingdom in South India.

According to the new guidelines, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Syria, Kenya, Somalia, Nigeria and Pakistan are polio infected countries. Thus, India has made a Polio Vaccination Certificate mandatory for Indian Visa applicants from these countries. In the given options only Pakistan is mention, therefore, option (d) is the correct answer
About Polio :

• Polio is a crippling and potentially deadly viral infectious disease that affects the nervous system.
• There are three individual and immunologically distinct wild poliovirus strains:
• Wild Poliovirus type 1 (WPV1)
• Wild Poliovirus type 2 (WPV?2)
• Wild Poliovirus type 3 (WPV3)
• Symptomatically, all three strains are identical, in that they cause irreversible paralysis or even death. However, there are genetic and virological differences, which make these three strains separate viruses which must each be
  eradicated individually.

Spread:

• The virus is transmitted by person-to-person mainly through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (for example, through contaminated water or food).
• I|t largely affects children under 5 years of age. The virus multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis.

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established on 12 October 1993. A chairperson, who has been a Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court is appointed. Recently, the former Justice of A.K. Mishra was appointed as the chairman of the NHRC on 2nd June 2021.

Its ex-officio members are (a) Chairpersons of the National Commission for Minorities, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes and National Commission for Women. Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.

Between the 15th August 1947 when India became free and the 26th of January 1950 when she declared herself a democratic sovereign republic, the Government of India functioned under the provisions of the Government of Indian Act passed by the British parliament in 1935 and came into effect in 1937.

The Indian Independence Act passed in 1947 act created two new independent dominions India and Pakistan. With the passing of the Indian Independence Act, 1947 India became a Dominion and the Dominion Legislature made laws from 1947 to 1949 under the provisions of section 100 of the Government of India Act 1935 as adopted by the India (Provisional Constitution) Order 1947. Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.

A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt on 14 and 15 January 2014 and with Egyptians abroad voting between 8 and 12 January. The new constitution was approved by 98.1 per cent of voters. Turnout was 38.6 per cent. Thus, it was about accepting or rejecting a draft constitution.

It had nothing to do about Islamic rule or democracy or between direct or indirect rule and it was not between two-party and multi-party democracy. Thus, option (a) is the correct answer.

The quantity demanded of a commodity by a consumer depends mainly on the price of the commodity itself, prices of other related goods, the income of the consumer and tastes and preferences of the consumer. Thus, option (c) is the correct answer.
The demand for a commodity depends on several factors:

• Price of the Commodity: Generally, higher prices lead to lower demand and vice versa.
• Price of Related Goods: Substitute goods (like tea and coffee) and complementary goods (like printers and ink cartridges) influence demand.
• Consumer Income: Increased income usually raises demand for normal goods and decreases demand for inferior goods.
• Tastes and Preferences: Changes in consumer preferences, influenced by trends or advertising, can affect demand.
• Size and Composition of Population: A growing population increases demand, while demographic changes can alter consumption patterns.
• Expectations of Future Prices: If consumers anticipate price increases, they may buy more now, raising current demand.