CAPF (AC) 2022 (Paper-1) (Question 51-100)

Bharatmata by Abanindranath Tagore is one of the artwork was hailed by Sister Nivedita as the 'First masterpiece of Indian art.

Abanindranath had first conceived of an idea of creating 'Banga-mata' with his own daughter as inspiration. Sister Nivedita inspired him to view and create it as 'Bharat Mata'. The painting became a landmark in the days of the nationalist movement.

• Following attacks on merchant ships within the Gulf of Oman in June 2019, the Indian Navy launched Maritime System Security, codenamed Op SANKALP, inside the Gulf Region on June 19, 2019, to secure the safe travel of Indian Flag Vessels traversing the Strait of Hormuz.
• Warships or aircraft from the Indian Navy were dispatched to create a foothold, provide confidence to Indian merchantmen, monitor the situation, and react to any emerging difficulties. For operations Sankalp, one warship is deployed overseas.
• The operation has been carried out in close collaboration with all stakeholders, such as the Ministry of Defence, External Affairs, the Ministry of Shipping, the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, and the Director-General of Shipping.
• Inter-Ministerial discussions have been held regularly to assess the changing Maritime Security Situation within the Gulf. Given a surge in Chinese naval activities in such areas, the Indian naval ship INS Shardul made a port call in Madagascar’s Antsiranana as part of
  increased patrols of the Indian Ocean in recent years.

Option (C) is not true with regard to tribal welfare. Objective of Special area development-

• Achievement of per capita income level enabling a minimum standard of living projected at the national level.
• Production and distribution of goods and services to achieve the projected standard of living.
• Minimum deterioration in the environment both in nature and man made.

The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was launched on 25 September, 2001 by merging the on-going schemes of EAS (Employment Assurance Scheme) and the JGSY (Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojna).
Integrated Rural Development Program

• The Community Area Development Programme (CADP), Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP), Small Farmer Development Agency (SFDA), and Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labourers Agency (MFALA) were merged into the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) by the Janta government in 1978-79.
• The central government's National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) reaffirms the key importance of villages to the country's overall development and commits to striving to develop rural communities.
• IRDP's major goal is to eliminate poverty, hunger, and unemployment in rural India.
• The integrated rural development initiative was initially limited to 2000 blocks out of the country's total of 5004 development blocks.

The Battle of Rakshasi-Tangadi is popularly known as the Battle of Talikota (23 January 1565) was a watershed battle held between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates.

Battle of Khanwa(1527): The Battle of Khanwa was a decisive engagement between the Mughal forces under Babur and the Rajput alliance under Rana Sanga of Mewar.

Battle of Panipat: First(1526) -Timurids under Babur and Ibrahim Lodi.

Second(1556)-King Hemu and the Mughals under Akbar.

Third(1761)-the Maratha Empire and the Durrani Empire under the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali.

Battle of Dharmat: The battle of Dharmat was fought during the Mughal War of Succession (1658-1659) by Aurangzeb against Jaswant Singh Rathore who was allied with the Mughal prince Dara Shikoh.

Ashokan Inscriptions in Afghanistan are written in Greek-Aramaic script.

• In the eastern part of the empire, the Magadhi language in Brahmi script is used. (Magadhi is the dialect of Prakrit found in Magadha).
• In western parts of the Mauryan Empire, Prakrit in Kharoshti script is used.
• Major Rock Edict XIII contains an extract in Greek and Aramaic as well.

Negama coins were created by Taxi lamer chants for local trade in the Gandhar region.

• A number of coin types ranging from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE, referred as indigenous, tribal, janapada, or local coins form an important source of information on the history of the dynasties of northern and central India.
• These coins are mostly cast or die-struck in copper or bronze, but there are some silver coins and a few rare examples of ones in lead and potin (an alloy of copper, lead, tin, and dross).
• They include those issued by chieftains, kings, and non-monarchical states such as the Arjunayanas, Uddehikas, Malavas, and Yaudheyas.
• There are also coins bearing the name of cities such as Tripuri, Ujjayini, Kaushambi, Vidisha, Airikina, Mahishmati, Madhyamika, Varanasi, and Taxila, presumably issued by the administration of these cities.
• Some coins with the word negama seem to represent coins issued by merchant guilds.
• Certain Taxila coins with the legend pancha-nekame may have been issued jointly by five guilds.

Kothari Commission appointed by the government of India to look into the education sector of India on 1964.

National Education Commission, popularly known as Kothari Commission, was an ad hoc commission set up by the Government of India to examine all aspects of the educational sector in India, to evolve a general pattern of education and to advise guidelines and policies for the development of education in India.

Option (d) is not correct. The California Current is a cold water Pacific Ocean current that moves southward along the western coast of North America, beginning off southern British Columbia and ending off southern Baja California Sur.

• Ocean currents are streams of water that flow within a larger body of water, whether on the surface or below it. These currents can be described as the general movement of a specific volume of ocean water, following a defined path and direction.
• Similar to rivers flowing within land, ocean currents facilitate the exchange of cold deep waters with warmer surface waters. As a result, they play a vital role in redistributing heat from lower latitudes to higher latitudes, carrying nutrients from the depths of the ocean to the surface, and influencing the climate of coastal regions.
• When the surface water of the oceans moves forward due to prevailing winds, it is referred to as drift.
• On the other hand, ocean currents involve the movement of oceanic water in a specific direction with greater speed. Ocean streams, such as the Gulf Stream, involve the movement of a larger mass of ocean water in a definite direction with higher velocity compared to drift and other currents.
• Descending order of velocity: Streams > Currents > Drifts.