CAPF (AC) 2024 (Paper-1) (Questions 1-50)

Total Questions: 50

1. Which one among the following is NOT a non-procedural computer language?

Correct Answer: (e) both a & c
Solution:

Python is the procedural language and while ML general purpose language.

Non-procedural Language: In the non-procedural languages, the user has to specify only "what to do" and not "how to do". It is also known as an applicative or functional language. It involves the development of the functions from other functions to construct more complex functions.

Examples of Non-procedural languages:

SQL, PROLOG, LISP.

2. Consider the following:

1. MPEG
2. P*64
3. Indeo

Which of the above can be used to compress video files?

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:Video compression algorithms are techniques used to reduce the size of video files without significantly compromising their quality. MPEG, P*64, and Indeo are examples of such algorithms.

There are two primary types of compression: lossy and lossless.
1. Lossy compression prioritizes space savings, meaning quality might take more of a hit in favor of reducing the file size as much as possible. The original and the compressed versions will have some differences in quality levels, but they're usually not enough to impact the viewing experience. It's
ideal for cases where bandwidth is a concern, which is why most streaming platforms use it.
2. Lossless compression retains as much detail as possible, and you usually end up with larger file sizes. This type of compression is a popular choice for archival purposes and is less common in the context of video streaming.
Some of the benefits of using video compression include:

  • Reducing storage costs: Companies that host video deal with overhead for storage, and compression helps them reduce that.
  • Improving the user experience: Compressed video requires less bandwidth to transmit, giving users smooth playback even on slower connections.
  • Increasing device compatibility: When video files are compressed, they're converted into a state that matches more device capabilities.

3. Which one among the following has largest energy per photon?

Correct Answer: (a) X-ray
Solution:

According to the electromagnetic spectrum, X-rays have the largest energy per photon compared to visible light, infrared, or ultraviolet radiation.

As we move towards shorter wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum, the energy per photon increases, and X-rays have significantly shorter wavelengths than the other options listed.

In order of decreasing wavelength or increasing frequency these are: radio waves radiation, microwave radiation, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

4. In Sun-Earth system, the distance between Lagrange points L2 and L3 is about

Correct Answer: (d) 32 crore kilometre
Solution:

The approximate distance between lagraunge points L₂ and L, in sun-earth system is 299.2 million kilometers (~30 crore kilometers). Hence, the nearest option is (d).

About Lagrange Points

  • Lagrange points, also known as libration points, are specific regions in space where the gravitational forces of two celestial bodies, such as a planet and its moon or a planet and the Sun, create a stable equilibrium.
  • These points were first discovered by Joseph-Louis Lagrange, a mathematician, and physicist, in the late 18th.
  • There are five Lagrange points labeled L1 to L5, each with unique characteristics and properties.

5. Which one of the following statements with regard to greenhouse effect is correct?

Correct Answer: (c) It can take place inside a glass chamber where short wavelength infrared radiation can pass through into it and long wavelength infrared radiation cannot pass back through it.
Solution:

The greenhouse effect describes how shortwave solar radiation (visible light) easily passes through a transparent medium like glass, gets absorbed by the surface below, and then is re-emitted as longer wavelength infrared radiation (heat) which is partially trapped by the medium, leading to a warming effect; essentially, the glass acts like a "screen" that lets sunlight in but prevents most of the heat from escaping, similar to how a greenhouse uses glass panels to maintain a warmer temperature inside than outside.

6. A canon shoots a ball upwards with an initial speed of 100m/s. The total time of flight of the ball is 20 s before it hits the ground. The ball looses 70% of its speed after hitting the ground. Which among the following is the correct height that the ball will bounce up after its first bounce? (g=10m/s²)

Correct Answer: (d) 45 m
Solution:
  1. Initial speed = 100m/s
  2. Total time of flight = 20 s (so the ball takes 10 seconds to reach the top and 10 seconds to come back).
  3. Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10m / (s²)
  4. The ball loses 70% of its speed after hitting the ground, so its new speed after the bounce is 30% of 100 m/s, i.e., 30 m/s.

Where: v = 0
u = 30m/s (initial speed after the bounce)
g = 10m/(s²)
h is the height

Now, we can calculate the height the ball will reach after the bounce using the formula:

V² = U² - 2gh
U² + (- V²) / 2g = h

Therefore, the ball will bounce up to a height of 45 meters.

7. Which one of the following statements correctly defines PM1 particles in air?

Correct Answer: (c) These are extremely fine particles of diameter less than 1 micron.
Solution:

1. PM1: Particulate Matter 1 (PMI) refers to fine particles with a diameter of 1 micron or less. These tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream.

2. PM10: Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) consists of particles with a diameter of 10 microns or less. They can enter the respiratory system and may cause health problems like asthma and bronchitis.

3. PM2.5: Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) includes particles with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less. These particles can penetrate the lungs and are associated with severe health risks like cardiovascular disease.

8. Which one of the following heat transfer mechanism does NOT require a medium?

Correct Answer: (c) Radiation
Solution:
Heat Transfer ProcessRadiationConductionConvectionCollision
DefinitionHeat transfer via electromagnetic wavesHeat transfer through direct contact between objects of different temperatures.Heat transfer within a fluid due to particle movement.Heat transfer through collisions between particles in solids.
Medium RequirementNo medium required, can occur in a vacuum.heat transfer. Requires a medium forRequires a medium (liquid or gas).Requires a medium (solid).
MechanismNo physical contact needed.Heat flows via direct contact.Heat moves with fluid particles.Heat transfers through particle collisions.
Rate of Heat TransferFastSlowSlowFast
OccurrenceCan happen in space or between bodies.Common in solids.Occurs in fluids-(vertical movement).Occurs in solids (vibration and collisions).

9. Which one of the following statements about the solstices, an event that occurs when the Sun appears to reach most northerly or southerly, is correct?

Correct Answer: (c) The summer solstice occurs in northern hemisphere on June 21 and December 21 in southern hemisphere.
Solution:

A solstice is the time when the Sun reaches its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around 20-22 June and 20-22 December. In many countries, the seasons of the year are defined by reference to the solstices and the equinoxes.

These are the days when the Sun's path in the sky is the farthest north or south from the Equator. A hemisphere's winter solstice is the shortest day of the year and its summer solstice the year's longest. In the Northern Hemisphere the June solstice marks the start of summer: this is when the North Pole is tilted closest to the Sun, and the Sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Cancer.

The December solstice marks the start of winter: at this point the South Pole is tilted closest to the Sun, and the Sun's rays are directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn. (In the Southern Hemisphere the seasons are reversed.)

10. Which one among the following does NOT have any linkage with the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction?

Correct Answer: (d) Electron microscope
Solution:

Electromagnetic Induction is a current produced because of voltage production (electromotive force) due to a changing magnetic field. This either happens when a conductor is placed in a moving magnetic field (when using an AC power source) or when a conductor is constantly moving in a stationary magnetic field.

Example of the the instrument work on the principle of induction include Induction cooker, ammeter, galvanometer, voltmeter, and transformer etc.