Mock Test-1 (Paper-1) (Question 1-50)

All the given statements regarding the sultan of Delhi are correct. Alauddin Khilji was the sultan of Delhi He ruled for about twenty years from 1296 to 1316. Jalaluddin Firoz Khilji (died 20 July 1296) was the first sultan of the Khilji dynasty, who reigned from 1290 to 1296.

Born and raised in Afghanistan, Jalaluddin went to build his capital at Kilughari, a few miles from the city of Delhi, and completed the unfinished palace and gardens of Sultan Qaiqabad. Iltutmish belonged to the slave dynasty and succeeded to the throne after Qutub-ud-din-Aibak.

He was one of the leading rulers of the Delhi Sultanate and played a key role in extending the empire to a large part of the country. Muhammad bin Tughluq was the Turkic Sultan of Delhi from 1325 to 1351.

Sikandar Lodi was an orthodox and bigoted king indeed. He reimposed jaziya on the Hindus and even executed a Brahmana who stated that both the Hindu and the Muslim scriptures are sacred.

He also forbade the Muslim women from carrying out activities not mentioned under sharia, for instance, their going out to pray to the graves of their saints. Sikandar Lodi, due to his religious beliefs, also demolished many Hindu temples, one of them being the Hindu temple at Nagarkot.

Ibn Battuta (1304-1377) was a Muslim scholar and traveller. He was born in Morocco. The book, Rihla is account of his travelling throughout his life in different countries.

There is the importance of Ibn Battuta in Indian history. He has written about India so well that, he described a particular time in his memoir which is Rihla. Through his book, the ruling time of Mohammad Bin Tughlag has been understood.

Tughlag’s decisions, his tortures and every aspect of Tughlaq have been portrayed in Battuta’s book. Battuta showed the socio-political factors of the 1300 era. It was the Battuta through whom people were able to know about Tughlaq’s ruling period.

Apart from that, his travelling experiences are something that people should know; in the history of India his travels are always important. His book is considered as one of the important sources of Indian history.

Niccolo de conti (Venetian merchant), Abdur Razzaq (Persia), Afanacy Nikitin(Russian merchant) and Fernao Nuniz (Portuguese traveller) visited Vijaynagar empire.

The Vijayanagara kingdom encompassed the entire Southern India, extending to Rameshwaram, including Tamil Nadu and the territories of the Cheras in present-day Kerala. From 1336 to 1646 AD, it was ruled by sixteen rulers from four dynasties.

• Sangama Dynasty (1336-1485): First dynasty to rule over the Vijayanagara empire. The founders of the empire, Harihar | and Bukka, belonged to this dynasty.
• Saluva Dynasty (1485-1505): Founded by Narasimha, succeeded the Sangama dynasty as the second dynasty of the empire. They ruled over almost the whole of South India.
• Tuluva Dynasty (1505-1570): Founded by Vir Narsimha, the most famous king of the Vijayanagar Empire, Krishna Deva Raya belonged to this dynasty.
• Aravidu Dynasty (1570-1650): Founded by Tirumala, this was the fourth and last Hindu dynasty to rule the Vijayanagar kingdom in South India.

• The Mughal Empire's Army was the force with which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 15th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century.
• Although its origins were in the cavalry-based armies of Central Asia, its essential form and structure were established by the empire's third emperor, Akbar.
• The army had no regimental structure, and the soldiers were not directly recruited by the emperor.
• Individuals, such as nobles or local leaders, would instead recruit their own troops, known as a mansab, and contribute them to the army.
• Ahadi Soldiers
  o They were the emperor's personal soldiers. Diwan and Bakhshi oversaw their appointment, training, and discipline on the emperor's behalf. They were well compensated by the imperial treasury.
  o An ordinary horseman was paid only twelve to fifteen rupees per month, whereas an Ahadi was paid up to five hundred rupees per month. It was unclear how much Ahadis a King would recruit.
  o Akbar increased their number to twelve thousand because they were completely loyal to the emperor.

Bakshi was the person incharge of Military Paymaster Faujdar was a title awarded by Mughal and other Muslim rulers in South Asia to garrison commanders. In pre-Mughal times, the term referred to a military officer but did not refer to a specific rank. With the administrative reforms performed by Mughal emperor Akbar, this rank was systemised.

The empire as a whole was divided into provinces known as subah, which were further divided into sarkars, and then parganas. One of the names used to describe the officer posted to act as the administrator of the sarkar was faujdar.

Sadra was the incharge of religious and charitable patronage.

All the above given parties did not support Quit India Movement.

Various sections of the Indian society participated in the Quit India Movement, marking a new high in terms of the mass participation in the national movement.

• Youth: The youth were in the forefront of the struggle as had been in the case of the earlier mass struggles.
• Workers: Workers were prominent participants, and organized long strikes, braving police repression in the streets.
• Women: Women, especially college and school girls, played a very crucial role.
  o Sucheta Kripalani, Usha Mehta and Aruna Asaf Ali were prominent women organisers of the underground activities.
• Peasants: Peasants from all social strata, both affluent and poor, were at the core of the movement, particularly in East U.P. and Bihar, Midnapur in Bengal, and Satara in Maharashtra, as well as in other regions like Andhra, Gujarat, and Kerala.
• Zamindars: Many smaller zamindars, especially in UP and Bihar, also participated.
  o Even the big zamindars denied assistance to the British in crushing the rebellion.
  ∗ The most prominent of them was the Raja of Darbhanga.

The most important "action" of the HRA (Hindustan Republican Association) was the Kakori robbery in the year 1925. The men held up the 8-Down train at Kakori, an obscure village near Lucknow and looted its official railway cash.

Government crackdown after the Kakori robbery led to arrests of many of whom 17 were jailed, four transported for life and four - Bismil, Ashfaqullah, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lihiri - were hanged. Kakori proved to be a setback.

During the tenure of Lord Irwin as the Viceroy of India, the great martyrs Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged.
Lord Irwin

• Lord Edward Frederick Wood Irwin, son of the second Viscount Halifax, was educated at Eton and served as a Member of Parliament from 1910 to 1925.
• During that time, he held several cabinet ministerial positions. He was appointed Governor General and Viceroy of India in 1926, a position he held until 1931. During Irwin's viceroyalty, there was a lot of political upheaval.
• The Simon Commission Report, the Nehru Report, the All Parties Conference, Jinnah's 14 Points, the Civil Disobedience Movement, Round Table Conferences, and a variety of other issues had made his regime extremely stressful.
• In fact, the series of crises stemmed primarily from the exclusion of Indian leaders from the Simon Commission. New crises arose as a result of dealing with one political crisis.
• Another difficult issue was the issue of Dominion Status, as understood by Indian leaders and interpreted by the India Council.
  In April 1930, the Indian National Congress, led by Mahatma Gandhi, launched the Civil Disobedience Movement.

The drafo of Indian penal Code is attributed to Macaulay. The Indian Penal Code was drafted in 1860 on the recommendations of first law commission of India established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 under the Chairmanship of Thomas Babington Macaulay.

It came into force in British India in 1862. Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the main criminal code of India. It is a comprehensive code intended to cover all substantive aspects of criminal law.