Mock Test-1 (Paper-1) (Question 1-50)

Salient features of the Government of India Act - 1858.

• India's rule came directly under British Crown.
• The administration was to be run by Her Majesty, through the Secretary of State for India, assisted by the Council of India
• The court of Directors and Board of control were abolished.
• The council of India was an advisory body, with the secretary of state as its Chairman.
• This act made India a direct colony of the British Crown.
• Council of India had.15 members, 8 appointed by the Crown and 7 elected by the Court of Directors.

The civil disobedience movement was started by Gandhiji after breaking the salt low on 6 April 1930. On 5 March 1931, pact was signed between M.K Gandhi congress suspended civil disobedience movement and decided to participate in 2nd round table conference while Irwin agreed on some demands of congress.

Poona Pact was signed in 1932 between Dr. Ambedkar and Hindu leaders over the issue of separate electorate for Dalifs. After this pact demand for separate electorate was abandoned by Ambedkar.

Cripps Mission was sent by the British Government in March 1942 to India with key objective to secure Indian cooperation and support for British War Efforts.

Wood's dispatch recommended that Primary and secondary education should be in Vernacular language.*" so statement#3 is wrong, and by elimination we are left with Answer (a): only 1 and 2.

The Wood’s Dispatch was also known as the “Magna Carta of English Education in India” and was a significant landmark in shaping modern education. The act placed the responsibility of Indian Education on the company and focused on spreading European Literature, science and philosophy through English while promoting Indian language at the primary level.

The Dispatch recommended the creation of a Department of Public Instruction in every province and setting up of a graded school system and introduction of a grant-in-aid system for private institutions.

While the Dispatch gave a strong push to secondary and higher education and laid the foundation of an organized system, many of its provisions were delayed or implemented in a distorted form. Mass education and vernacular high schools were neglected, and universal literacy remained unrealized.

After the 1857 Revolt, education took a backseat as the British Crown focused more on consolidating power than reform.

Balgangadhar Tilak worked to inspire the national spirit in people by publishing atrocities and by organising festivals.

He used religious orthodoxy as a method of mass contact through his alignment against reformers on the Age of Consent Bill in 1891 followed by the organization of the Ganapati festival from 1894 and the development of a patriotic-cum-historical cult as a central symbol of nationalism, through the Shivaji festivals from 1896 onwards.

Solar Eclipse Features

• A Solar Eclipse shows precise celestial alignment where the Moon’s shadow falls on Earth, creating observable changes in sunlight, temperature and sky brightness.
• New Moon Alignment: Solar eclipses occur exclusively during the New Moon when the Moon lies between the Sun and Earth, blocking solar radiation.
• Eclipse Season: Eclipses happen only during eclipse seasons occurring approximately
  every 173 days when lunar nodes align with the Sun.
• Limited Visibility Zone: Unlike lunar eclipses, solar eclipses are visible only from narrow geographic regions due to the Moon’s small shadow.
• Shadow Based Phenomenon: The type of eclipse depends on whether observers fall within the umbra, penumbra or antumbra shadows.
• Rare Totality: Total solar eclipses occur globally once every 18 months on average, but any location experiences one roughly every 360 to 410 year.

Total Lunar Eclipse

• In a total lunar eclipse, the entire Moon passes through Earth’s umbra (the darkest part of its shadow).
• The Moon appears reddish or copper-colored,
  often called a “blood moon.”
• Occurs when Earth’s shadow completely covers the Moon.
• Can last for a few hours, depending on the Moon’s path.
• Safe to observe with the naked eye.

Partial Lunar Eclipse

• In a partial lunar eclipse, only a part of the Moon enters Earth’s umbra.
• Part of the Moon appears dark while the rest remains bright.
• The shadow gradually moves across the lunar surface.
• Less dramatic than a total lunar eclipse but still noticeable.
• Visibility depends on the observer’s location.

Tectonic plates are composed of oceanic lithosphere and thicker continental lithosphere, each topped by its own kind of crust. Tectonic plates are able to move because the Earth's lithosphere has greater strength than the underlying as the no sphere.

The outer shell of the earth, the lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates, The seven major plates are the African plate, Antarctic plate, Eurasian plate, Indo-Australian plate, North American plate, Pacific plate and South American plate. Along convergent boundaries, subduction carries plates into the mantle.

Swash refers to the movement of a turbulent layer of water up the slope of a beach as a result of breaking of a wave. It is capable of moving beach material of substantial water.

Jet stream is fast blowing westerlies in upper part of troposphere. Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow air currents found in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth. The main jet streams are located near the tropopause, the transition between the troposphere (where temperature decreases with altitude) and the stratosphere (where temperature increases with altitude).

Angel Falls is a waterfall in Venezuela. It is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 meters and a plunge of 807 meters.

Niagara Falls, Ontario, is a Canadian city at the famous waterfalls of the same name, linked with the U.S. by the Rainbow Bridge.

Victoria Falls, or Mosi-oa-Tunya, is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River at the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe. It has been described by CNN as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the world.

Jog Falls, Gerosoppa Falls is the second highest plunge waterfall in India located near Sagara taluk, Shimoga district in the state of Karnataka.

Flood plain are formed by deposits brought

(a) down by river along its course.

(b) Sea cliff is new vertical rock expoure formed due to costal erosion.

(c) Monaires are accumulation of dirt and rocks that have fallen onto glacier surface or have been pushed by glaciern as it moves,

(d) Sand dues are depositional landfarm formed by deposits of wind mainly in desert arieas.