Mock Test-1 (Paper-1) (Question 1-50)

Isobars are lines on a weather map joining together places of equal atmospheric pressure.

A line drawn on a map connecting points, having equal rainfall at a certain time or for a stated period is called Isohyet.

Isotherms, lines connecting points of equal air temperature are used to map the geographic pattern of temperature across the earth's surface. The spacing of isotherms depicts the temperature gradient across a portion of the Earth's surface. Isohel is a line on a map connecting places with an equal period of sunshine.

Cryosphere are such parts of earth's system where the temperature goes down below 0°c at least once a year. The largest component of it is the snow belt of Greenland and Antartica. Its components are Marine Snow, ice - shelf, frozen land, and ice - caps.

Cryospheric regions are the least studied component of the earth system due to the paucity of observations, remoteness, extremely challenging field conditions, and limited time window in a year. The “Cryosphere and Climate” initiated by MoES during the 12th five-year plan have enhanced our understanding of the Antarctic cryosphere and climate variability.

According to the newly formed “Ambition on Melting Ice on Sea-level Rise and Mountain Water Resources” group, the melting of the cryosphere, or regions of the planet with frozen water, as a result of climate change, is a threat that will affect all countries, not just those in mountainous or polar regions.

As stated in the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, “Changes in the cryosphere will intensify with each additional increment of global warming and greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere.”

Pan Plane is almost a flat land surface created by the coalescence of flood plains owing to the lateral erosion by rivers of the intervening divides.

This is the correct sequence of precipitation.

Condensation of water vapors in the air mass causes precipitation. Due to adiabatic cooling, the rising air mass containing a significant number of water vapors becomes saturated. Clouds are formed by the condensation of water vapors. There are updrafts and downdrafts in every cloud.

• The updraft determines the formation and height of the clouds. The higher the cloud rises, the stronger the updraft. The strength of the updraft reduces as the liquid water level rises, whereas the downdraft rises. Precipitation is created as a result.
• Although all clouds contain water, some generate precipitation and others do not. Precipitated moisture drips from the clouds in some situations, but it evaporates in the atmosphere before reaching the earth's surface.
• Precipitation happens only when cloud droplets or ice crystals become large enough to overcome the atmosphere's updrafts. It means that in a cloud from which precipitation falls, some unique mechanisms are in action.
• Although all clouds contain water, some generate precipitation and others do not. Precipitated moisture drips from the clouds in some situations, but it evaporates in the atmosphere before reaching the earth's surface.
• Precipitation happens only when cloud droplets or ice crystals become large enough to overcome the atmosphere's updrafts.

Retreating monsoon gives rainfall to Tamil Nadu. Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still holds its heat.

This causes cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon.

Retreating monsoon givest rainfall to Tamil Nadu.

Zanskar or Zangskar is a subdistrict or tehsil of the Kargil district, which lies in the eastern half of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The administrative centre is Padum

The Pir Panjal Range is a group of mountains in the Inner Himalayan region, running from east-southeast (ESE) to west-northwest (WNW) across the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh.

The Dhauladhar range is a southern branch of the main Outer Himalayan chain of mountains. It rises from the Indian plains to the north of Kangra and Mandi.

Duncan Passage is a strait in the Indian Ocean. It separates South and Little Andaman.

Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Hills (Tamil Nadu)at 2,637 metres.

The Vindhyas run across most of central India.

The Dhaulagiri massif in Nepal extends 120 km from the Kaligandaki River west to the Bheri.

Mt. Kailash peak is standing in the remote south-west corner of Tibet in the Himalayan Mountains.

A low-relief plain representing the final stage of fluvial erosion or erosion due to river during times of extended tectonic stability.

• A peneplainis a low-relief plain created by long-term erosion in geomorphology and geology This is the broadest concept, though the term peneplain is often used to refer to a near-final (or penultimate) stage of fluvial erosion during periods of prolonged tectonic stability.
• Peneplains are often synonymous with William Morris Davis's period of erosion theory, but Davis and others have often used the concept in a strictly descriptive sense without any theory or specific genesis attached.
• Owing to alack of contemporary examples and difficulty in recognizing relic examples, the presence of certain peneplains and peneplanation as a natural process is not without controversy. Peneplains grade down to a base level represented by sea level in some meanings, but this condition is ignored in others.
• The base-level criterion is important, according to geomorphologist Karna Lidmar-Bergstrom and colleagues, and it is above the orecise mechanism of peneplain formation, which includes some pediplains among peneplains.
• Although peneplains are normally thought to form near sea level, it has been suggested that they can form at a higher elevation if substantial sedimentation increases the local base level enough or tectonic deformation continuously obstructs river networks. These two instances can be exemplified by the Pyrenees peneplains and the Tibetan Plateau, respectively
• A popular misconception about peneplains is that they should be featureless in appearance. In reality, some peneplains may be hilly due to erratic deep weathering, resulting in a plain that only grads to a base level on a grand scale.

Cardamom hills are closer to the district of Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu. The Cardamom Hills or Yela Mala are mountain range of southern India and part of the southern Western Ghats located in southeast Kerala and southwest Tamil Nadu in India. Their name comes from the cardamom spice grown in much of the hills' cool elevation, which also supports pepper and coffee.