Mock Test-2 (Paper-1) (Question 51-100)

Total Questions: 50

1. Salaries of the judges of the Supreme Court are determined by:

Correct Answer: (c) Parliament
Solution:

Article 125 of the Indian Constitution leaves it to the Indian Parliament to determine the salary, other allowances, leave of absence, pension, etc. of the Supreme Court judges.

  • The independence of the Supreme Court is secured by constitutional safeguards, including politically neutral appointments and protection from arbitrary removal. Judges' salaries are drawn from the Consolidated Fund of India, and they cannot practice law after retirement.
  • Mode of Appointment: The President appoints the Supreme Court's judges in consultation with the judiciary's members. This clause ensures that appointments are not based on practical or political factors.
  • Security of Tenure: The president can remove them only in the manner and on the grounds mentioned in the constitution. This means that even if the President appointed them, they do not serve at his or her pleasure.
  • Expenses Charged on Consolidated Fund: The salaries, allowances, and pensions of the Supreme Court staff are charged to the consolidated fund of India.

2. Which one of the following statements is not correct regarding Certiorari?

Correct Answer: (b) A bench of a High Court can issue a writ to another bench of the same High Court
Solution:

A bench of a high court is equal to the High court in all judicial powers. Hence a bench of the High court cannot issue certiorari against the order of another bench.
Concept of Certiorari

  • It literally means 'to be certified' or 'to be informed.’
  • It is issued by a higher court to a lower court or tribunal to either transfer a case pending with the latter or to overturn the latter's order in a case.
  • Itisissued due to an excess of jurisdiction, a lack of jurisdiction, or a legal error.
  • As a result, unlike prohibition, which is only preventative, certiorari is both preventive and curative.
  • Previously, the writ of certiorari could only be issued against judicial and quasi-judicial authorities, not administrative ones.
  • However, the Supreme Court ruled in 1991 that certiorari can be issued even against administrative authorities affecting individual rights.
  • Certiorari, like prohibition, is not available against legislative bodies or private individuals or bodies.

3. Which of the following are the main jurisdictions of the High Court of a State ?

1. Original jurisdiction

2. Appellate jurisdiction

3. Supervisory jurisdiction

4. Advisory jurisdiction

Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:

Correct Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:

At present a high court enjoys the following jurisdiction and powers:

  • Original Jurisdiction
  • Appellate Jurisdiction
  • Supervisory Jurisdiction
  • Control over subordinate courts
  • A court of record
  • Power of judicial review

4. When and where Panchayati Raj system in India was introduced?

Correct Answer: (b) October 2, 1959; Nagor (Rajasthan)
Solution:

The panchayat raj system was first adopted by the state of Rajsthan in Nagor district on 2nd Oct 1959.

  • Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) refer to the system of ‘Rural Local Self-Governance’ in India i.e. a system of governance of Rural Areas through the representatives elected by the people.
  • They have been established in all States as the third tier of government, aiming to build democracy at the grassroots level.
  • This system ensures that local populations participate directly in the decision-making process, enhancing the effectiveness and accountability of rural development initiatives.

5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below:

List-I (Features)List-II (Related to)
A. Democratic Decentralisation1. 73rd Amendment
B. Nagar Panchayats2. 74th Amendment
C. Panchayati Raj Elections3.  B.R. Mehta Committee
D. Two Tier System4.  Ashok Mehta Committee

Codes:

ABCD
(a)3124
(b)4123
(c)4213
(d)3214
Correct Answer: (d)
Solution:
  • The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee (1957) is credited with introducing the term and concept of "democratic decentralisation"” in the Indian context.
  • The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (1992) introduced provisions for urban local bodies, specifically establishing Nagar Panchayats for areas in transition from rural to urban.
  • The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (1992) gave constitutional status to rural local bodies and mandated regular, independent elections every five years through the creation of State Election Commissions.
  • Unlike the three-tier system recommended by B.R. Mehta, the Ashok Mehta Committee (1977) recommended a two-tier system consisting of Zila Parishads at the district level and Mandal Panchayats for a group of villages.

6. The Constitution of India was amended in 1992 to make the third-tier of democracy more effective. As a result, at least one-third of all positions in the local bodies are reserved for women. This is because

Correct Answer: (b) although women constitute nearly half of the population, they have inadequate representation in decision-making bodies.
Solution:

In 73rd Amendment Act, at least one third of seats in Local Self Government are reserved for women because women constitute nearly half of the population.

  • Local bodies are institutions of self-governance responsible for planning, development, and administration in rural (Panchayats) and urban (Municipalities) areas.
  • They play a critical role as regulators, service providers, welfare agents, and facilitators of development at the grassroots level.
  • Local government is a State subject under the Seventh Schedule (List Il) of the Constitution.
  • Article 243G provides for the devolution of powers to local bodies, making them key players in delivering infrastructure and services.

7. Which of the following statements are correct?

1. When marginal revenue is positive, total revenue increases with increase in output.

2. When marginal revenue is zero, total revenue is maximum.

3. When marginal revenue becomes negative, total revenue falls with increase in output.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Correct Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Solution:

Marginal revenue (MR) is the additional revenue generated from selling one more unit of a good or service. When MR is positive, it means that each additional unit sold adds to the total revenue. Therefore, as output increases, total revenue continues to rise as long as MR remains positive.

Marginal revenue being zero indicates that selling one more unit does not change the total revenue. At this point, total revenue has reached its peak because any additional unit sold will not increase revenue. This is typically the point where the demand curve is unit elastic.

Negative marginal revenue means that selling an additional unit decreases total revenue.This occurs when the price reduction required to sell more units outweighs the revenue from the additional units sold. As a result, increasing output beyond this point leads to a decline in total revenue.

8. With reference to Indian economy, consider the following-

1. Bank rate

2. Open market operations

3. Public debt

4. Public revenue

Which of the above is/are component/components of Monetary Policy?

Correct Answer: (c) 1 and 2
Solution:

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) uses the monetary policy to manage liquidity or money supply in a manner that balances inflation and at the same time aids growth. The tools RBI uses to manage monetary policy are : 1. Repo and Reverse Repo Rate. 2. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR). 3. Open Market Operations. 4. Statutory Liquidity Ratio. 5. Bank Rate.

9. The banks which are implementing the Micro Finance Programme linked with Self Help Groups (SHGs) are-

Correct Answer: (d) Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Co--operative Banks
Solution:

Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Co-operative Banks are implementing the Micro Finance programme linked with Self Help Groups.
Self Help Groups (SHGS)

  • Self Help Groups are groups of people who come together to pool their resources and work for a mutual economic benefit.
  • Self-help Groups have managed to treat a transformative movement in India as well as other developing countries. These groups work on the principles of mutual aid, self-reliance and collective empowerment.
  • The groups focus on mobilizing people, take charge of their economic, social and personal growth.

10. Human Development Index comprises literacy rates, life expectancy at birth and

Correct Answer: (b) GDP per head at real purchasing power.
Solution:
  • The Human Development Index is a summary measure of average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development:
  • Along and healthy life (measured by life expectancy at birth)
  • Access to knowledge (measured by expected years of schooling for children and mean years of schooling for adults)
  • A decent standard of living (measured by Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, adjusted for purchasing-power parity)
  • In effect, the HDI uses the geometric mean of these three dimension-indices to compute a composite score between 0 and 1, where a higher number indicates higher human development.