Mock Test-3 (Paper-1) (Question 1-50)

El-Nino derived from Spanish means 'the child', i.e. baby Christ. A warm ocean current that flows over Peru is an interval of two to five years

• El Nino is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
• El Nino is the “warm phase” of the ENSO.
• During El Nino, surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific rise, and trade winds — east-west winds that blow near the Equator — weaken.
• They falter and change direction to turn into westerlies, bringing warm water from the western Pacific towards the Americas.
• The phenomena of upwelling is reduced under EI Nino.
• This in turn reduces phytoplankton. Thus, fish that eat phytoplankton are affected, followed by other organisms higher up the food chain.
• Warm waters also carry tropical species towards colder areas, disrupting multiple ecosystems.
• Since the Pacific covers almost one-third of the earth, changes in its temperature and subsequent alteration of wind patterns disrupt global weather patterns.
• El Nino causes dry, warm winters in the Northern U.S. and Canada and increases the risk of flooding in the U.S. gulf coast and south-eastern U.S.
• It also brings drought to Indonesia and Australia..

Sone, Mahanadi and Narmada rivers originate from Amarkantak region.
RIVER NARMADA

• The Narmada originates on the western flank of the Amarkantak plateau at a height of about 1,057 m.
• It is the largest west flowing river of Peninsular India.
• Flowing in a rift valley between the Satpura in the south and the Vindhyan range in the north, it forms a picturesque gorge in marble rocks and Dhuandhar waterfall near Jabalpur.

RIVER SON

• The Son is a large south bank tributary of the Ganga, originating in the Amarkantak plateau.
• After forming a series of waterfalls at the edge of the plateau, it reaches Arrah, west of Patna, to join the Ganga.

TAPI RIVER

• The Tapiis the other important westward flowing river.
• It originates from Multai in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh.
• Nearly 79 per cent of its basin lies in Maharashtra, 15 per cent in Madhya Pradesh and the remaining 6 per cent in Gujarat.

Capillary water is retained on the soil particles by surface forces. It is held so strongly that gravity cannot remove it from the soil particles. The molecules of capillary water are free and mobile and are present in a liquid state. Plant roots are able to absorb it. Capillary water is, therefore, also known as available water.

The Lepchas are the aboriginal inhabitants of Sikkim and they are mostly settled in North Sikkim. They are mostly Buddhist but many of them have now adopted Christianity. The lepcha folklores are melodious and contain lots of interesting folk stories.

The Mal Paharia people are a tribal people of Jharkhand. Paharia Mal or Mal Paharia is listed as Scheduled Tribe by the Government of Jharkhand. As per 2001 census, the Mal Paharias number around 115,093 in Jharkhand.

Gond tribes spread in MP and Chhattisgarh.

Bhils tribes of India are the largest tribe of South Asia.

They are commonly found in state of Rajasthan and Gujarat.

The 10th Schedule to the Indian Constitution is known as Anti-Defection Law. It was inserted by the 52nd Amendment Act 1985 to the Constitution. It sets the provisions for disqualification of elected members on the grounds of defection to another political party.

• Defection refers to switching political allegiance, particularly when a member of a political party leaves the party and joins another party or becomes independent.
• Anti-defection Law in India was enacted in 1985 through the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985 as part of the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution of India. Anti-defection laws aim to prevent or discourage defection by imposing penalties on politicians who switch parties or otherwise
  violate party discipline.
• These laws may be designed to ensure that politicians are held accountable to the voters who elected them and to maintain the stability and cohesion of political parties.
• In some countries, anti-defection laws allow political parties to expel members who defect, while in others, they may disqualify defectors from holding public office or impose other penalties..

The 2nd Schedule of Indian Constitution deals with the salaries, allowances, and privileges of key constitutional authorities.

This includes the President, Governors of States, Speakers and Deputy Speakers of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies, Chairpersons and Deputy Chairpersons of the Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils, Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)..

The entire Schedule 2 is divided into different “Parts” providing provisions relating to emoluments, allowances, and privileges. They are:

• Part A: Provisions as to the President and Governors of States (Articles - 59(3), 65(3), 158(3))
• Part C: Provisions as to the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of People and Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Council of States and Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State (Articles - 97, 186)
• Part D: Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts (Articles - 125, 221)
• Part E: Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India (Article - 148(3))
  Note: Part B: Provisions as to the Ministers for the Union and the states in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule (Articles - 75(6), 164(5)) were omitted by the 7th Constitutional Amendment 1956

Article 371C has special provisions regarding the state of Manipur.

Article 32 provides the right of constitutional remedies which means that a person has right to move to Supreme Court and High Court for getting his fundamental rights protected so it is called "soul of the constitution and very heart of it". 44th amendment act 1978 under article 300A provides right of property as legal right.

Attorney General of India has the right to take part in the proceedings of parliament of India even though he is not a member.

• Under Article 76, The Constitution of India has provided for the office of the Attorney General (AG) for India.
• He is the highest law officer in the country.
• As a chief legal advisor to the government of India, he advises the union government on all legal matters.
• He s also the primary lawyer representing the Union Government in the Supreme Court and High Court of India..

After the general election and newly formed government, the legislative section prepares a list of senior Lok Sabha member (MPs), This list is submitted to the minister of parliamentary affairs through this process a protem Speaker is selected and is approved by the President.