Mock Test-4 (Paper-1) (Question 51-100)

• Certificate of deposit is a short term debt instrument. #2 is wrong since it says 'long term instrument'. This eliminates (a) and (d).
• #3: Call money is a short term finance for interbank transactions that is correct. So, Answer is (c).

National income is the sum total of wages, rent, interest, and profit earned by the factors of production of a country in a year. Thus it is the aggregate values of goods and services rendered during a given period counted without duplication.

The concept of Economic planning in India is derived from Russia.

• The Five Year Plan in India was a centralized economic planning mechanism under which the government set specific economic, social, and developmental targets to be achieved over a period of five years.
• The planning process was formulated and implemented by the Planning Commission of India, which was established in 1950. Each plan outlined sector-wise priorities such as agriculture, industry, education, health, infrastructure, and social justice, keeping in view the country's developmental needs.

Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is a specified minimum fraction of the total deposits of customers, which commercial banks have to hold as reserves either in cash or as deposits with the central bank. CRR is set according to the guidelines of the central bank of a country.

The CRR (4 per cent of NDTL) requires banks to maintain a current account with the RBI with liquid cash.

While ensuring some liquid money against deposits is the primary purpose of CRR, its secondary purpose is to allow the RBI to control liquidity and rates in the economy.

Crude oil is the basic raw material upon which all refinery processes are founded. Raw material oriented industries those industries that are having their locations stick close to source of raw material.

"Raw material" denotes materials in minimally processed or unprocessed in states e.g. raw later, crude oil, cotton, coal etc.

Sugar Industry: It subsumes the production processing and marketing of sugar.

• Poverty lines are estimated using the original state-specific poverty lines identified by the Expert Group and updating them to 2004-2005 price using the Consumer Price Index of Agriculture Laborer's (CPIAL) for rural poverty lines and Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPIIW) for urban lines.
• So, (b) : price levels is the most appropriate choice.

Large distance is measured in light year. Amount of a material is measured by mole. Amount of electrical charge is measured in coulomb. Energy is measured in watt hour.

When a simple pendulum immersed in water then its oscillations are damped and its wave is cosine wave.
Oscillation
When a body is in periodic motion such that it moves in a to and fro motion about a fixed point, then it is said to be in oscillation and the motion associated with this is called oscillatory motion. One cycle of to and fro motion is termed as one oscillation.

The maximum distance traveled by the body from its mean position is called the amplitude of oscillation. Time taken by the body to complete one oscillation is called the time period. The number of cycles completed in one second is called frequency of oscillation.

Motion of a simple pendulum, motion of spring block system, motion of a mass along the diameter of earth, motion of swing in the park are some examples of oscillatory motion.

Water has a high specific heat.

• This means water can absorb a large amount of heat from the engine without experiencing a significant rise in its own temperature, making it highly efficient for regulating engine temperatures and preventing overheating.
• Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance; water's high value (approximately 4.2 J/g-K) means it can absorb a significant amount of waste heat from the engine with only a minimal increase in its own temperature.
• This property allows it to move heat more efficiently away from engine components to the radiator compared to other liquids.
• While additives like ethylene glycol are used to raise the boiling point and prevent freezing, pure water remains the superior component for heat absorption due to this thermal property.
• Other factors like surface tension or expansivity do not contribute to its effectiveness as a cooling medium in this context.

Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

• Elements and compounds mainly possess three different states at various temperatures.
• The transition from solid state to gaseous state requires a transition of solid-state to liquid state and liquid state to a gaseous state.
• If solids possess sufficient vapour pressure at a particular temperature then they can directly sublime into the air.
• Solids which have high pressure at their triple point show sublimation.
• The triple point is the point at which the pressure and temperature of the substance are such that it can exist in all three states of matter simultaneously. The triple point is a characteristic point of a substance.
• There are various examples of sublimation which are experienced by us in our everyday life.