PGT Commerce Level-3 (HTEТ), Exam 2024

Total Questions: 150

11. According to McDougall, the emotion of 'disgust' is associated with which basic instinct?

Correct Answer: 1. Repulsion
Solution:

According to William McDougall's theory of instincts and emotions, the emotion of disgust is directly linked to the instinct of repulsion. This instinct drives avoidance of harmful, unpleasant, or undesirable stimuli, ensuring protection and survival.

12. Which of the following should not be a need of children with impairment from the point of view of inclusive education?

Correct Answer: 3. Need for being dependent on others
Solution:

Inclusive education emphasizes empowering children with impairments by providing coping strategies, counselling, and assistive devices to support independence.
Promoting dependency on others is contrary to inclusive principles, as the goal is to build self-reliance and equal participation in learning.

13. Which constitutional right of children with special needs does inclusive education protect?

Correct Answer: 1. Right to Education
Solution:

Inclusive education ensures that children with special needs enjoy the same constitutional right to education as other children.
It guarantees access to schooling, equal opportunities, and participation in mainstream classrooms, thereby protecting their fundamental educational rights.

14. Which of the following is not an acquired motive?

Correct Answer: 4. Pain avoidance
Solution:

Acquired motives are learned through social interaction and experience, such as affiliation, achievement, and approval. Pain avoidance, however, is an innate or primary motive, biologically rooted in survival instinets, not acquired through learning.

15. Which of the following ways of instruction is suitable for hearing impaired children?

(a) Sign language
(b) Finger spelling
(c) Lip reading
(d) Cued speech
Choose the correct code:

Correct Answer: 4. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Solution:

For hearing-impaired children, multiple instructional methods are effective. These include sign language for full communication, finger spelling for letters and words, lip reading to interpret spoken language, and cued speech to clarify sounds. Using all these methods together best supports comprehensive learning and communication.

16. According to Freud's psycho-sexual development theory, the stage in which adolescent attracts towards opposite sex, is known as:

Correct Answer: 3. Genital stage
Solution:

In Freud's psycho-sexual stages, the genital stage begins from adolescence onwards. At this stage, sexual interests are directed toward others, and adolescents experience attraction to the opposite sex. It signifies maturity of sexual instincts and development of adult relationships.

17. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, when the learner maintaining a proper balance between himself/herself and his/her environment, this mechanism is called as:

Correct Answer: 3. Equilibration
Solution:

According to Piaget, equilibration is the process of maintaining balance between assimilation (fitting new information into existing schemas) and accommodation (modifying schemas to incorporate new information).
It helps the learner achieve harmony between self and environment, driving cognitive growth.

18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of inclusive education?

Correct Answer: 4. It is limited to the special education of disabled children
Solution:

Inclusive education is not confined only to children with disabilities. Instead, it embraces all learners by celebrating diversity, supporting special educational needs, and ensuring active participation of teachers, parents, peers, and the community. Limiting it to disability alone misrepresents its true scope.

19. Which tests can be administered by the teacher to identify creative children?

(a) Figure construction test
(b) Product improvement test
(c) Usual uses test
(d) Picture completion test
Choose the correct code:

Correct Answer: 4. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Solution:

All four tests-figure construction, product improvement, unusual uses, and picture completion-are widely recognized as effective measures of creativity. They form part of creative thinking assessments like the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT).
These tests evaluate fluency of ideas, flexibility in thinking, originality in responses, and elaboration of concepts, making them suitable for teachers to identify creative children.

20. Which of the following is not a helpful action of teacher in promoting socialization among children?

Correct Answer: 1. Giving the individual project work
Solution:

Socialization thrives on group interaction, cooperation, and shared responsibilities. Assigning individual project work emphasizes independence and self-reliance, which reduces opportunities for collaboration.
By contrast, assigning social responsibilities, organizing co-curricular activities, and motivating children for social participation directly enhance peer bonding and group problem-solving, thus fostering socialization.