TGT and PGT (English previous year questions) (Part-VI)

Total Questions: 100

71. Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions.

Sweat is produced largely by two types of glands: eccrine and apocrine. The former covers most of the body and acts as a cooling system - during physical exertion, sweat evaporates from the skin and helps maintain healthy body temperature.

The apocrine glands, on the other hand, are present where there is a large number of hair follicles, like the genitals and underarms. Unlike eccrine glands, which open directly on the surface of the skin, apocrine glands open into the hair follicle which leads to the surface of the skin.

They only start working after the onset of puberty, which is why body odour is first noticed then. Sweatis odourless until bacteria interact with it and produce foul-smelling chemicals called thioalcohol.

The sweat produced by apocrine glands is richer in protein, which can be easily broken down by bacteria. It is also produced in a warm, moist, and dark environment - ideal breeding conditions for bacteria. While body odour is not usually a cause for concern, it can be a consequence of (A) health issues.

An overactive thyroid gland can cause excessive sweating, whereas liver disease, kidney disease and diabetes change the composition of sweat and alter the smell.

Hyperhidrosis, a condition in which one sweats excessively from the arm pits, hands and feet, is also diagnosed by a professional and there are several treatments available to manage it.

What can be the suitable title for the given passage?

Correct Answer: (b) Sweat and body odour
Solution:According to the given passage the suitable title will be "Sweat and body odour" because the passage is signifying the importance of sweating through different glands in our body. Hence, option (b) is correct.

72. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the eccrine glands?

Correct Answer: (a) They start working after the onset of puberty.
Solution:Among the given statements, statement (a) is not correct according to the given passage. Hence, option (a) is correct answer.

73. Hyperhidrosis is a condition in which one sweats____.

I. Excessively from armpits
II. More from hair follicles
III. Overly from armpits, hands and feet

Correct Answer: (c) I and III
Solution:Hyperhidrosis is a condition in which one sweats excessively from armpits, hands and feet according to the given passage. Hence, option (c) is correct.

74. Choose the word that is opposite in meaning to the word 'foul' as used in the passage.

Correct Answer: (b) Pleasant
Solution:The word 'foul' gives the meaning of 'unpleasant', so the opposite word of it will be 'pleasant'. Hence, option (b) is correct.

75. According to the context of the passage, which of the following words can be placed in the blank (A)?

Correct Answer: (d) Underlying
Solution:According to the context of the passage, 'underlying' is the word which will justify the relevance of the sentence. Hence, option (d) is correct answer.

76. Read the following information carefully and answer the given questions.

As humans we really don't think that psychologically, birds are capable of the same mental tasks that other mammals are, and much more specifically, some of them are in the rarest of company with us, they are near-sapient, just like our close relatives.

Birds have been shown in previous studies to possess a range of skills such as complex social reasoning, an ability to problem solve and some have even demonstrated the capability to craft and use tools.

Both birds and mammals are warm-blooded, which means they can maintain a constant body temperature and do not need to rely on an external heat source to stay warm.

This similarity lends itself to several other commonalities, such as similar caloric requirements by weight and the ability to remain active in colder temperatures. Coldblooded animals do not have to eat as much, but they also cannot survive colder temperatures.

Birds require a lot of energy in order to fly. This also necessitates a circulatory system that is both efficient and effective, so they have evolved a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles, just like mammals.

The blood of birds and mammals contains both red and white blood cells, called erythrocytes and leukocytes respectively. The red blood cells in both classes of animals contain haemoglobin.

Another similarity between birds and mammals is that both classes care for their young after they're hatched or born. Female mammals feed their young by lactating, while birds feed their young beak to beak.

What is the main purpose of the passage?

Correct Answer: (b) To understand how birds and mammals are alike.
Solution:The main purpose of the passage is to understand how birds and mammals are alike. There is a lot of affinity (analogical & hysiological) between birds and mammals. Hence, option (b) is correct.

77. The author has discussed which of the following skills of birds in the passage?

I. Complex social reasoning
II. Problem solving skill
III. Capability to craft tools

Correct Answer: (d) I, II and III
Solution:The author has discussed complex social reasoning, problem solving skill and capability to craft tools of birds in the passage. Hence, option (d) is correct.

78. Which characteristic of birds show that they are caring?

Correct Answer: (c) They feed their young beak to beak.
Solution:Birds feed their young beak to beak to show that they are caring. Hence, option (c) is correct.

79. Choose the word that means the same as the word 'efficient' as used in the passage.

Correct Answer: (b) Proficient
Solution:The word 'efficient' means 'adroit', 'proficient', 'accomplished' etc. Hence, option (b) is correct.

80. The author has NOT compared which of the following characteristics of birds and mammals?

Correct Answer: (c) Voice
Solution:The author has not compared 'Voice' of birds and mammals.  Hence, option (c) is correct.