UGC NET/JRF EXAM, June-2021 Labour and Social Welfare

Total Questions: 100

81. Arrange the following Indian Trade Unions/ Organisations on the basis of their founding year from earliest to latest.

(a) Indian Trade Union Federation
(b) The Indian Federation of Labour
(c) The Indian National Trade Union Congress
(d) All India Trade Union Congress
(e) Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (d), (a), (b), (c), (e)

82. Arrange the five steps in developing Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) from the beginning to the end.

(a) Scale critical behaviour
(b) Develop BARS instrument
(c) Identify performance measures
(d) Retranslate critical behaviours
(e) Identify critical behaviours

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (c), (e), (d), (a), (b)
Solution:

Behaviourally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) belong to a recently developed method of perfor-mance appraisal. The exponents of this method claim that it is a more reliable and advantageous method. The method is designed to identify critical areas of performance of a job.

The evaluator is required to observe the behaviour of the employee while performing the job and at the same time prepare the behaviourally anchored rating scale to recognize the critical areas of effective and ineffective performance behaviour.

He then compares these behavioural observations with the behaviourally anchored rating scales. Generally, the following seven performance criteria have been established:

1. Knowledge and judgement
2. Human relation skills
3. Conscientiousness
4. Skill in operation
5. Organizational ability
6. Skill in monetary transactions
7. Observational ability.

This method is more valid and expected to give more reliable results as it minimizes the errors in performance appraisal.

83. Arrange the main schemes of workers participation in management according to their year of formation from latest to earliest.

(a) Joint Management Council
(b) Shop Councils
(c) Board-Level Participation
(d) Institutes of Employees, Participation in .Management for Public Sector undertaking
(e) Works Committee

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (d), (b), (c), (a), (e)

84. Arrange in a sequence from first to last the schedules as mentioned in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.

(a) Matters within the jurisdiction of Industrial Tribunals
(b) Unfair labour practices
(c) Industries which may be declared as public utility services
(d) Matters within the jurisdiction of labour courts
(e) Conditions of service for change of which notice to be given

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (c), (d), (a), (e), (b)

85. The following are some of the committees and commissions set up in India to study the problems of labour and to suggest measures. Arrange them in a sequence from the earliest to lastest as per their year of set up.

(a) Second National Commission on Labour
(b) Royal Commission on Labour
(c) Labour Investigation Committee
(d) National Commission on Labour
(e) Bombay Textile Labour Enquiry Committee

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (b), (e), (c), (d), (a)

86. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : In the post economic reforms era, Indian business houses initially had to take strong decisions in terms of cost cutting measures and human resource rationalization.
Reason (R) : Economic reforms opened up markets and allowed foreign direct investment causing the domestic industry to compete on uneven level playing ground.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

87. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Disguised unemployment is present in Indian agriculture sector in India.
Reason (R) : Normally marginal productivity of agriculture is high.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: C. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct

88. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Performance appraisal cannot be error free and unbiased.
Reason (R): The appraisal methods are covertly influenced by human judgement which may vitiated by inter-personal discriminatory impulses.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

In simple terms, performance appraisal may be understood as the assessment of an individual's performance in a systematic way, the performance being measured against such factors as job knowledge, quality and quantity of output, initiative, leadership abilities, supervision, dependability, co-operation, judgement, versatility, health, and the like.

Assessment should not be confined to past performance alone. Potentials of the employee for future performance must also be assessed. A formal definition of performance appraisal is: It is the systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for development.

A more comprehensive definition is: Performance appraisal is a formal, structured system of measuring and evaluating an employee's job related behaviours and outcomes to discover how and why the employee is presently performing on the job and how the employee can perform more effectively in the future so that the employee, organisation, and society all benefit.

89. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Occupational diseases are those arising out of or in the course of employment.
Reason (R): It is a health problem caused by exposure to a workplace hazard. It is caused by the substances or conditions that the worker was brought into contact with at the workplace.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Occupational diseases are those arising out of or in the course of employment. In other words, it is a health problem caused by exposure to a workplace health hazard. Workplace should, therefore, be healthy for body and mind of workers.

Occupational diseases arc defined as the illness caused by the substances or conditions that the worker was brought into contact with at the workplace or while he was working at his respective work environment.

The following workplace health hazards can cause occupational diseases:

(1) Dust, gases, or fumes
(2) Noise
(3) Toxic substances (poisons)
(4) Vibration
(5) Radiation
(6) Infectious germs or viruses
(7) Extreme hot or cold temperatures
(8) Extremely high or low air pressure.

90. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A) : Labour welfare is part of social welfare, both conceptually and operationally.
Reason (R) : It covers state of well being, happiness, satisfaction, and conservation and development of human resources.

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Solution:

Labour welfare is a part of social welfare, both conceptually and operationally. It covers state of well-being, happiness, satisfaction, conservation and development of human resources.

Labour welfare may be viewed:

• as a total concept,
• as a social concept,
• and as a relative concept.
• The total concept is a desirable state of existence involving the physical, mental, and emotional well-being. These four elements together constitute the structure of welfare, on which its totality is based. The social concepts of welfare states the welfare of man, his family and his community and are interrelated and work together.

• The relative concept of welfare implies that welfare is relative in time and place. It differs with time, region, industry, and country depending on the value system, level of education, social customs, political system, degree of industrialization and general standard of the socioeconomic development of the people.