UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, December-2023

The CBFC, also known as the Censor Board, was set up under the Cinematograph Act of 1952. Its purpose is to certify the suitability of feature films, short films, trailers, documentaries, and theater-based advertising for public viewing. The sequence is as follows:

(b) Vikram Singh was the chairperson of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) from July 8, 1983 to February 19, 1989.

(a) B.P. Singhal was the chairperson of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) from April 25, 1990 to April 1, 1991.

(c) Asha Parekh was the first female chairperson of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) of India from 1998 to 2001.

(d) Pahlaj Nihalani was the chairperson of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) from January 19, 2015 to August 11, 2017.

(e) Prasoon Joshi has been the chairperson of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) since August 11, 2017.

(a) The Dramatic Performances Act of 1876 was passed by the British government in India to control public dramatic performances that were considered scandalous, defamatory, seditious, or obscene.

(b) The Police (Incitement to Disaffection) Act, 1922, was passed to penalize the spread of disaffection among police officers and other related offenses.

(e) The Official Secrets Act (OSA) of 1923 is an Indian law that aims to prevent espionage and protect state secrets and official information.

(c) The Criminal Law Amendment Act was passed in 1961. The act was passed to supplement the criminal law, and to amend the Indian Press.

(d) The Customs Act of 1962 is the primary law for the levy and collection of customs duty in India.

(b) Sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld first proposed personal influence theory in 1944. The theory, also known as two-step flow theory, is based on a 1940s study of social influence.

(d) The uses and gratifications theory (UGT) was first proposed in the 1950s by Lazarsfeld and Stanton. The theory was further developed in the 1970s by Elihu Katz, Jay Blumler, and Michael Gurevitch.

(a) The Cultivation theory is a sociological and communications framework that studies the long-term effects of media consumption, particularly television, on public opinion. It was developed by George Gerbner in the 1960s.

(e) The knowledge gap hypothesis was first proposed in 1970. The knowledge gap theory of communication focuses on the unequal distribution of information throughout society and the correlation between access to knowledge and socioeconomic status.

(c) Agenda-setting theory is a theory that suggests that the media can influence public opinion by deciding which issues receive the most attention. It was originally introduced in 1972 by Max McCombs and Donald Shaw.

(a) Laser Printer - III. Output device: A laser printer is an output device that produces printed documents or images onto paper using laser technology.

(b) Mouse - II. Input device: A mouse is an input device used to interact with a computer by moving a cursor on the screen and selecting items through clicking or dragging.

(c) 512 GB hard drive - I. External storage device: A 512 GB hard drive is an example of an external storage device. It is used to store data and files externally from a computer system.

(d) ROM - IV. Internal memory: ROM (Read-Only Memory) is a type of internal memory that stores firmware and permanent instructions essential for booting up and operating hardware components of a computer system.

(a) Kerala - IV. Kathakali: Kathakali is a classical dance form originating from Kerala, known for its elaborate costumes, facial makeup, and expressive gestures.

(b) Assam - I. Sattriya: Sattriya is a classical dance form of Assam, which is performed as a part of Satras or Vaishnav monasteries. It is characterized by graceful movements and themes based on mythological stories.

(c) Andhra Pradesh - II. Kuchipudi: Kuchipudi is a classical dance form that originated in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It combines dance, acting, and singing, and is known for its intricate footwork and expressive gestures.

(d) Maharashtra - III. Lavani: Lavani is a traditional folk dance of Maharashtra, known for its energetic and vibrant performance style. It often involves themes of love and devotion and is performed to the beat of traditional music.

(a) The Washington Post - Democracy dies in darkness (II): Democracy Dies in Darkness is the official slogan of the American newspaper The Washington Post, adopted in 2017.

(b) The Guardian - The Wide Picture (IV): The whole picture is the tagline of the newspaper and suggests a focus on providing a comprehensive overview of the news, which is a characteristic of The Guardian approach.

(c) The Wall Street Journal - The daily diary of the American dream (III): “The daily diary of the American dream” is a tagline that The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) has used since 1985.

(d) USA Today - All the News, All in one place (I): All the News, All in one place highlights USA Today’s approach of providing a comprehensive roundup of news from various categories in a single publication.

(a) George Gerbner - III. Cultivation theory: George Gerbner is known for developing the cultivation theory, which explores the long-term effects of media exposure on perceptions and attitudes.

(b) Marshall McLuhan - IV. The Medium is the message: Marshall McLuhan introduced the concept that the form of a medium (such as television) affects the message it conveys, emphasizing the importance of media technologies in shaping society.

(c) Harold Lasswell - II. Hypodermic needle theory: Harold Lasswell is associated with the hypodermic needle theory, which suggests that mass media has a powerful and direct effect on audiences, injecting messages directly into the minds of viewers.

(d) Paul Lazarsfeld, Bernard Berelson, Gaudet Hazel - I. Two-step flow theory: Paul Lazarsfeld, along with Bernard Berelson and Hazel Gaudet, developed the two-step flow theory, which proposes that mass media messages are first received by opinion leaders and then diffused to others in society.

(a) Bank of India - II. The Teller: The Teller is the house journal (internal magazine) of Bank of India. It likely contains articles, news, and information relevant to the employees and stakeholders of the bank.

(b) Hindustan Lever Ltd. (now Hindustan Unilever Limited) - III. Hamara: Hamara is the house journal of Hindustan Lever Ltd. (now Hindustan Unilever Limited). It serves as an internal publication featuring updates, stories, and content related to the company’s products.

(c) Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. (MTNL) - IV. Antarang: Antarang is the house journal of Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. (MTNL). This publication covered news, developments, and insights related to telecommunications, technology, and the company’s operations within the telecom industry.

(d) Indian Iron and Steel Company Ltd. (IISCO) - I. YOURS: YOURS is the house journal of Indian Iron and Steel Company Ltd.

(IISCO), a former steel manufacturing company. This magazine provided updates, articles, and features on the iron and steel industry, company operations, and employee-related news.