UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, January-2025

• The acquisition was announced in April 2012 and completed in September 2012.
• The deal was valued at approximately $1 billion in cash and stock.
• At the time, Instagram had just about 30 million users, and the app was less than two years old (launched in 2010).
• This acquisition is seen as one of Facebook’s most successful, as Instagram has grown to over 2 billion monthly active users as of the early 2020s.

Hence, the correct answer is: 3: 2012.

C. Is overly optimistic about individual responsibility:
It assumes that media professionals will act ethically and responsibly without much regulation, which is not always realistic in a competitive or polarized media environment.

E. Underestimates power of profit motivation:
The theory downplays the commercial pressures and profit-oriented nature of media organizations. Often, profit motives override social responsibility, especially in privately-owned media.

Options like A, B, and D are strengths, not weaknesses.

• A (Limits Government intrusion) is positive.
• B (Values media responsibility) is a core principle.
• D (Aids the powerless) aligns with public interest ideals.

Correct answer is: 3: C and E Only.

• The movie was directed by Gus Van Sant and is a dark satirical crime drama.
• Kidman’s character manipulates and seduces teenage boys into murdering her husband, whom she sees as an obstacle to her media career.
• It critiques the media’s obsession with fame, sensationalism, and the lengths people go to for attention.
• The release year is 1995, not 2000, so while the question mentions 2000, it appears to be a date inaccuracy, but the correct film title and actress are unambiguous.

Correct answer remains: 4: To Die For.

• This date commemorates the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which came into force on December 24, 1986.
• The day serves to spread awareness about consumer rights and responsibilities among the public.
• The responsible ministry is the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.

So the correct combination is:
B. Ministry of Consumer Affairs
D. 24 December

Hence, correct answer: 2: B and D Only.

A. SPSS – Not Qualitative:
SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is primarily used for quantitative statistical analysis such as regression, ANOVA, and descriptive stats.

D. Jamovi – Not Qualitative:
Jamovi is an open-source statistical software that focuses on quantitative data analysis, similar to SPSS, with a user-friendly interface.

Now the rest:

B. Dedoose – Qualitative + Mixed Methods:
Used for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods research.

C. QSR Nvivo – Qualitative:
Popular qualitative analysis software used for coding, text analysis, and thematic interpretation.

E. Atlas.ti – Qualitative:
A well-known tool for analyzing qualitative data such as interview transcripts and open-ended survey responses.

So, A and D are not primarily qualitative.
Correct answer: 2: A and D Only.

A. All India Radio – II. Three-Tier Broadcasting:
AIR follows a three-tier system: national, regional, and local broadcasting, catering to diverse linguistic and cultural audiences across India.

B. Station Director – I. Programme Head:
A Station Director is in charge of an AIR station and acts as the head of programming, overseeing content, staff, and scheduling.

C. FM Channel – IV. FM Gold:
FM broadcasting under AIR includes FM Rainbow and FM Gold channels. FM Gold is known for news and classic film music.

D. Radio Announcer – III. Programme Presentation:
A radio announcer is responsible for presenting programs, making announcements, and engaging with the audience.

Correct match is: A–II, B–I, C–IV, D–III → Option 4.

• Conative Function:
This is receiver-oriented and aims to direct, persuade, or influence the behavior or response of the listener.
It is commonly found in:
▫ Commands (e.g., “Do it now!”)
▫ Advertisements
▫ Persuasive messages

Other functions:

• Referential (Denotative) – concerned with the context or content.
• Phatic – ensures channel is open (e.g., “Hello?”).
• Poetic, Emotive, and Metalinguistic are the remaining ones.

Correct answer: 1: Conative Function.

• It was edited by Shri V.S. Venkataraman, a prominent figure in early Indian journalism.
• The newspaper served as a platform for political, social, and economic discussions during the pre-independence era.
• Its emergence reflects the growing English-language press in provincial Indian cities beyond Delhi and Calcutta.

Correct answer: 1: The Daily News.

A. The penalty for infringement of the law would be immediate deportation:
Aimed at foreign editors, especially Europeans, to prevent anti-British publications.

D. Every printer of a newspaper was required to print his name at the bottom of the paper:
This was for identification and accountability.

E. No newspaper should be published on Sundays:
It was part of restrictive publication controls.

Options B (Tuesdays) and C (Fridays) have no historical basis in this regulation.

Correct answer: 3: A, D and E Only.

A. 1997 – IV. Prasar Bharati:
Prasar Bharati, India’s autonomous public service broadcaster, was formed under the Prasar Bharati Act, 1990, and came into operation in 1997.

B. 1959 – III. Television began in India:
Television broadcasting in India officially began with an experimental service in Delhi on September 15, 1959, under Doordarshan.

C. 1975 – I. SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment):
A landmark educational broadcasting experiment conducted by ISRO and NASA in 1975–76, using satellite technology to reach rural India.

D. 1939 – II. Television began in US:
Commercial television service started in the United States in 1939, introduced at the World’s Fair in New York by RCA.

Correct matching: A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II → Option 4.