UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, January-2025

Total Questions: 100

51. Who is the author of 'Media Rituals : A Critical Approach' (2003)?

1. Neil Postman
2. Thompson
3. Norbert Wiener
4. Nick Couldry

Correct Answer: 4. Nick Couldry

Solution:The book ‘Media Rituals: A Critical Approach’ was authored by Nick Couldry and published in 2003.

• In this book, Couldry critically examines how media rituals (such as news reading, celebrity coverage, live broadcasts, etc.) work to legitimize the media’s central role in society.
• He questions the “myth of the mediated centre”, arguing that media construct and reinforce the illusion that they are the central point of social life.
• The work blends media theory, sociology, and cultural studies, and is considered seminal in critical media studies.

Correct answer: 4: Nick Couldry.

52. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Baby Boomers	I. 65 years or older
B. Millennial	II. Born between 1946 to 1964
C. Seniors	III. Born between 1996-2005
D. Generation Z	IV. Born between 1980 and 1995

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
2. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
3. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III

Solution:Let’s correctly match each generational label with its birth-year range:

A. Baby Boomers – II. Born between 1946 to 1964:
This generation emerged post-World War II during the “baby boom” era.

B. Millennial – IV. Born between 1980 and 1995:
Also called Generation Y, they came of age during the internet explosion.

C. Seniors – I. 65 years or older:
This is a demographic category, often referring to retirees or elderly, irrespective of generation.

D. Generation Z – III. Born between 1996–2005:
The generation that grew up with smartphones and social media from an early age.

Correct match: A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III → Option 3.

53. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Hoarding	I. Movement and Sound
B. Image on the internet offers scope for	II. Static
C. Radio advertisements combine	III. Outdoor media
D. Images and text in the print media	IV. Music

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Correct Answer: 4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:Here is the correct matching of media forms and their features:

A. Hoarding – III. Outdoor media:
Hoardings (billboards) are large advertisements placed outdoors in public spaces like roads and buildings.

B. Image on the internet offers scope for – I. Movement and Sound:
Online media allows dynamic content—animations, videos, interactive graphs—not possible in print.

C. Radio advertisements combine – IV. Music:
Radio ads use audio elements such as music, jingles, and voiceovers to attract attention and convey messages.

D. Images and text in the print media – II. Static:
Print media is non-moving and unchangeable once printed; hence it is static in nature.

Correct match: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II → Option 4.

54. Which of the following films were not directed by Ram Gopal Varma?

A. Rajniti
B. Rann
C. No One Killed Jessica
D. Company
E. Satya

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A and C Only
2. A and B Only
3. C and D Only
4. D and E Only

Correct Answer: 1. A and C Only

Solution:Let’s identify which films were not directed by Ram Gopal Varma:

A. Rajniti – NOT directed by Ram Gopal Varma:
Directed by Prakash Jha, this 2010 film is a political thriller.

B. Rann – Directed by Ram Gopal Varma:
Released in 2010, it explores the ethical conflicts in television newsrooms.

C. No One Killed Jessica – NOT directed by Ram Gopal Varma:
Directed by Raj Kumar Gupta, based on the real-life Jessica Lal murder case.

D. Company – Directed by Ram Gopal Varma:
A 2002 crime film, part of his Mumbai underworld trilogy.

E. Satya – Directed by Ram Gopal Varma:
Released in 1998, it's a landmark gangster film in Indian cinema.

So, only A and C were not directed by Ram Gopal Varma.
Correct answer: 1: A and C Only.

55. Which of the following are not the part of AIDAS theory of personal selling?

A. Desire
B. Distribution
C. Action
D. Sale
E. Satisfaction

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B and D Only
2. B and COnly
3. B and A Only
4. B and E Only

Correct Answer: 1. B and D Only

Solution:The AIDAS model in personal selling outlines the five essential stages of the buyer’s journey:

• A – Attention
• I – Interest
• D – Desire
• A – Action
• S – Satisfaction

Among the given options:

B. Distribution – Not part of AIDAS
D. Sale – Not a stage in the AIDAS model (though related, “Action” refers to purchase decision, and “Sale” is an outcome, not a process stage).

So, the elements not part of the AIDAS model are: B and D Only → Option 1.

56. What is Type Casting in script writing?

1. Casting people who are strong characters
2. Casting people who are weak characters
3. Casting different types of characters
4. Casting people who look like the required character

Correct Answer: 4. Casting people who look like the required character

Solution:Type casting in script writing or film production refers to:

• The practice of casting actors based on their physical appearance, personality traits, or past roles that match a specific character stereotype.
• For example, a person with a tough demeanor may repeatedly get cast in villain roles.
• While type casting helps achieve visual and narrative believability, it often leads to actors being repeatedly offered similar roles, limiting their diversity in acting.

Hence, correct answer: 4: Casting people who look like the required character.

57. What is plot point in script writing?

1. Plot point makes the story of the film boring
2. Plot point is not at all required for any script
3. Any dramatic element which changes and turns the direction of the story and we enter from one step to another step in the film
4. Plot point comes at the end of the film and it creates suspense in the film

Correct Answer: 3. Any dramatic element which changes and turns the direction of the story and we enter from one step to another step in the film

Solution:A plot point in scriptwriting is:

• A significant event or twist that changes the direction of the story.
• It moves the narrative forward from one act to another, typically found at the end of Act I and Act II in a three-act structure.
• These are turning points that raise stakes, introduce new conflicts, or change character goals.

Example: In The Matrix, when Neo chooses the red pill – that's a key plot point.

Correct answer: 3: Any dramatic element which changes and turns the direction of the story and we enter from one step to another step in the narrative.

58. What is action point in script writing?

1. Action point makes a bridge for transition from one scene to another
2. All fight scenes come under action point
3. Action point is not natural and hence not required in the script
4. Action point is the actual mid-point in the script

Correct Answer: 1. Action point makes a bridge for transition from one scene to another

Solution:

An action point in scriptwriting:

• Serves as a connector between scenes, often through a character's decision, a movement, or a change in environment that transitions the story.
• It helps maintain narrative continuity and pacing.
• It is not limited to fight scenes; the action can be emotional, visual, or behavioral.

Example: A character slamming the door after an argument may signal the beginning of a new scene of isolation or reflection.

Correct answer: 1: Action point makes a bridge for transition from one scene to another.

59. What is mid-point in script writing?

1. Interval scene
2. A scene which makes the story interesting
3. A scene which makes the story dramatic
4. A scene which makes the story boring

Correct Answer: 1. Interval scene

Solution:The mid-point in scriptwriting is:

• Typically the scene placed at the middle of the film, often coinciding with the interval in Indian cinema.
• It intensifies the drama or reveals a major twist that alters the character’s motivation or deepens conflict.
• It is a critical turning point, where either stakes are raised or new information shifts the course of the story.

Correct answer: 1: Interval scene.

60. Which of these are conventional printing processes?

A. Sound
B. Letterpress
C. Offset
D. Tone
E. Screen

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B, C and E Only
2. A, B and C Only
3. C, D and E Only
4. A, D and E Only

Correct Answer: 1. B, C and E Only

Solution:Let us identify the conventional printing processes:

B. Letterpress – Yes:
A traditional relief printing process where raised letters are inked and pressed onto paper.

C. Offset – Yes:
A widely used lithographic printing method where ink is transferred from a plate to a rubber blanket, then onto paper.

E. Screen – Yes:
Also known as screen printing or serigraphy, it uses a mesh screen to transfer ink onto a surface, often used for textiles, posters, and packaging.

Options A (Sound) and D (Tone) are not printing processes.

Hence, correct answer: 1: B, C and E Only.