UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, January-2025

• Dr. Ambedkar expressed dissatisfaction with certain policy decisions and leadership approaches adopted post-independence.
• His criticisms were part of broader political tensions and ideological differences he had with top Congress leaders regarding social justice, representation, and constitutional matters.
• This episode is also significant because it highlights Ambedkar’s independence of thought, even as a Cabinet Minister.

Correct answer: 4: A and D Only.

• The radio program “The Lonesome Gal” (1951) in the United States was cited as an early example of this phenomenon.
• In the show, a female host spoke in a soft, intimate, and personal tone, making individual male listeners feel as though she was talking just to them.
• This format was considered a precursor to modern reality television and personalized media, as it simulated emotional intimacy and interaction.

Correct answer: 1: The Lonesome Gal.

• In this groundbreaking work, Anderson argues that a nation is an “imagined political community”, meaning that members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, yet still feel a shared connection.
• He explores how print capitalism, especially newspapers and novels, played a crucial role in creating these imagined communities by allowing people to see themselves as part of a shared national narrative.
• This book is considered foundational in media studies, nationalism studies, and political theory.

Correct answer: 1: B. Anderson.

• It was a weekly newspaper, used as a platform for socio-political critique and religious reform, aimed at both Indian and British audiences.
• The paper was noted for its sharp criticism of British colonial policies and also for advocating liberal and rationalist ideas.
• The British authorities were uneasy with its content, leading to its closure in 1823, following the enactment of the Press Ordinance by the East India Company.

Correct answer: 2: Mirat-ul-Akbar.

• A scene-by-scene breakdown of the screenplay written in narrative form, but without dialogue.
• It provides a concise summary of the key beats or events that happen in each scene.
• Step outlines are typically created before writing the full script to plan structure, pacing, and narrative arcs.
• It serves as a roadmap for screenwriters and is often used for pitching or planning revisions.

Correct answer: 1: Summary/Nutshell of the screenplay.

• On October 30, 1938, an adapted radio drama version of the novel was broadcast live on CBS Radio, directed and narrated by Orson Welles.
• The radio presentation used a news bulletin format, which led many American listeners to believe that a real alien invasion was occurring, causing mass panic in certain areas.
• The incident became a legendary example of media influence and mass hysteria, studied in communication and media studies as a case of media effects and trust in broadcasting.

Correct answer: 3: H.G. Wells.

• Associated with philosophers like John Locke, who introduced the concept of tabula rasa, arguing that the mind at birth is a blank state, and all ideas come from experience.
• Empiricism stands in contrast to rationalism, which holds that knowledge can be acquired through reason and innate ideas.
• It plays a foundational role in scientific inquiry, as knowledge must be empirically observable and testable.

Correct answer: 3: Empiricism.

D. Public Relations Society of India founded – 1958:
PRSI was established in Mumbai to promote ethical public relations practices in India.

C. Public Relations Society of India Registered – 1966:
The organization was formally registered under the Societies Registration Act.

B. World Public Relations Conference, Mumbai – 1982:
A significant international event, hosting global PR professionals in India.

A. First Public Relations Day observed – 1986:
Observed annually on April 21st, marking the importance of PR in modern communication.

E. Launching of ‘Public Relations Voice’ journal in Hyderabad – 1987:
This became the first professional PR journal in India, sharing insights, trends, and academic research.

Correct order: D, C, B, A, E → Option 4.

B. 1/4 – Very slow shutter speed, produces maximum motion blur.

D. 1/8 – Slightly faster but still shows blurred movement.

C. 1/15 – Common for low-light shots; still shows motion.

A. 1/2000 – Very fast shutter, used to freeze fast-moving objects.

E. 1/4000 – Even faster, used to completely freeze action, such as a water droplet mid-air.

Correct order: B, D, C, A, E → Option 4.

• Wiener is considered the father of cybernetics, a field that studies regulation, systems, feedback, and control in machines and living beings.
• The book laid the groundwork for modern computer science, robotics, artificial intelligence, and communication theory.
• His ideas on feedback loops and information flow have been influential in multiple disciplines, including media theory, biology, and engineering.

Correct answer: 4: Norbert Wiener.