UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, June-2023

The PCI is a statutory body that acts as a watchdog to oversee the conduct of the print media. It functions under the Press Council Act of 1978, which came from the recommendations of the Second Press Commission of India (1978).

Statement I: The term “participatory media” refers to media platforms and practices that allow for active participation and engagement from users or audiences.

The term may have coined by Greg Ragiyaoro, participatory media have a characteristic of involving technical structures that facilitate user interaction and contribution.

Statement II: In participatory media, traditional forms of communication, such as lectures, are transformed into more interactive and dialogic formats.

Instead of being a one-way transmission of information, participatory media encourages dialogue, discussion, and collaboration among participants, leading to more dynamic and engaging exchanges of ideas.

(e) Sony LIV: Sony LIV, India’s first over-the-top (OTT) streaming service, was launched in 2013 by Culver Max Entertainment. Sony LIV is a premium video on demand (VOD) service that offers content from Sony Pictures Networks India Pvt Ltd, including movies, TV shows, live sports, music, and product reviews.

(a) TVF Player: TVF Player was launched by The Viral Fever (TVF) in 2015. The platform offered original web series, sketches, short films, and some licensed content.

(d) Netflix: Netflix launched in India in 2016 and is now one of the country’s most popular streaming services. Netflix offers a wide range of content, including Bollywood and Hollywood movies, TV shows, and documentaries.

(c) ALT Balaji: ALT Balaji was launched in 2017. Ekta Kapoor launched ALTBalaji, an Indian subscription-based video-on-demand (OTT) platform.

(b) Disney + Hotstar: Disney + Hotstar was launched in 2020. Hotstar was originally launched in India in 2014 by Star India, a subsidiary of Walt Disney.

(a) The aim is a complete, detailed description: Qualitative research aims to provide a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under study through detailed descriptions and rich narratives.

(c) Researcher is the data gathering instrument: In qualitative research, the researcher plays an active role in data collection, often using methods such as interviews, observations, or focus groups to gather data directly from participants.

(d) The design emerges as the study unfolds: Unlike quantitative research, where the research design is typically fixed before data collection begins, qualitative research designs may evolve and adapt as the study progresses, allowing for flexibility and responsiveness to emerging themes or insights.

(a) The magnetic disc (IBM) was manufactured in 1956 for data storage: The IBM RAMAC 305, the first commercially available computer with a hard disk drive using magnetic storage, was introduced in 1956.

(d) First internet browser Mosaic was launched in 1993: Mosaic, a graphical web browser developed by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA), was launched in 1993, making the internet more accessible to a wider audience.

(e) Floppy disc was manufactured by IBM in 1971 for the purpose of data storage: IBM introduced the floppy disk in 1971, revolutionizing portable data storage for personal computers.

This research method involves manipulating variables and observing the effects to test a hypothesis. In this case, the hypothesis could be that a specific type of communication hardware would effectively transmit messages to homes and schools in remote locations.

Researchers would test different hardware prototypes, analyze signal strength, data transmission rates, and user feedback under real-world conditions in rural areas.

(b) Eradication of traditional boundaries in media market: Globalization weakens national borders as a barrier for media companies. This allows foreign ownership, international co-productions, and the distribution of content across geographical boundaries.

(c) Adaptation of new business & corporate strategies: Media companies need to adapt to a globalized market. This might involve mergers and acquisitions, creating international conglomerates, and developing strategies to compete with foreign-owned media entities.

(e) Convergence in technology between media & other industries: The lines between traditional media (TV, print) and other industries (telecommunications, internet) are blurring. This convergence creates new opportunities for media ownership structures, with companies from different sectors potentially merging or collaborating.

(a) Radio Mirchi - III. 98.3: Radio Mirchi is a private radio FM station in Delhi that broadcasts on 98.3 FM. It was founded in 1993 and has been broadcasting since 2006.

(b) Radio City - IV. 91.1: Radio City 91.1 FM is India’s first national private FM radio station, broadcasting in 40 cities on 91.1 FM and with 69 million listeners.

(c) Radio FM - II. 93.5: Radio FM 93.5 is an Indian FM radio station in Delhi that broadcasts in various Indian languages including Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam.

(d) Hello FM - I. 106.4: Hello FM is a private radio station that broadcasts on 106.4 MHz in Tamil Nadu, India. It started broadcasting in 2006 from Chennai and Coimbatore, and is owned by Malar Publications in Chennai.

The report analyzed communication problems in modern societies, particularly relating to mass media and news, and considered the emergence of new technologies.

The report’s introduction set out the goals of a New World Information and Communication Order, which included more justice, more equity, more reciprocity in information exchange, less dependence in communication flows, and more benefits for all mankind.

Dashavatar performances are usually musical and take place after midnight in the temple premises during the annual festival of the village deity.