UGC NET/JRF EXAM, Mass Communication and Journalism, June-2023

Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) means that a film is unrestricted for public exhibition, but with a parental guidance advisory for children under 12 years. The CBFC is a statutory body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting that regulates the public exhibition of films in India.

(a) 1/500: This fast shutter speed requires a wider aperture (f-5.6) to compensate for the reduced light intake.

(b) 1/250: This shutter speed falls between the two extremes, so an aperture of f-8 might be a good balance.

(c) 1/125: With a slower shutter speed, a slightly narrower aperture (f-11) can still provide enough light for a good exposure.

(d) 1/60: This slow shutter speed necessitates a relatively narrow aperture (f-16) to avoid overexposure.

This modulation process is essential for broadcasting video signals over RF mediums such as television broadcasts or cable transmissions. Therefore, “Video modulation,” accurately describes this process.

Attenborough decided to make the film in 1962 after reading a biography about Gandhi, and spent the next 20 years trying to get the project off the ground.

The film was shot in several Indian cities, including Delhi, Bombay (now Mumbai), Pune, and Patna, and won eight Oscars, including Best Picture and Best Director. Kingsley’s debut as Gandhi won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.

The other options listed—Time-transition, Impact, and Mood—are commonly recognized types of montage that describe different styles or purposes of editing sequences in filmmaking.

Variables change over time or across different individuals or entities. They are fundamental elements in research because they are what researchers aim to understand measure, manipulate, or predict. Examples include temperature, age, income level, or test scores.

(a) Reliability: A good research tool should yield consistent results when used repeatedly under similar conditions. Reliability refers to the extent to which the tool produces stable and consistent measurements over time and across different situations.

(c) Validity: A good research tool should accurately measure what it is intended to measure. Validity refers to the extent to which a tool measures what it claims to measure and whether it effectively captures the concept or construct being studied.

(d) Usability: A good research tool should be easy to use and understand for both researchers and participants. Usability encompasses factors such as clarity of instructions, simplicity of administration, and ease of data collection and analysis.

(a) R.R. Diwakar: He served as the Minister of Communications in the Nehru cabinet from 1 April 1949 to 15 April 1952.

(e) V. Gopala Reddy: V. Gopala Reddy was the Minister of Communications from 1962–1963

(c) Indira Gandhi: Indira Gandhi served as the Minister of Communications from June 9, 1964 to January 24, 1966.

(d) L.K. Advani: L.K. Advani was Minister of Communications from 1977 to 1979.

(b) Vasant Sathe: He was a member of the Consultative Committee of the Planning Commission and became Minister of Communications from 1988–1989.

(a) Computer was first made by using vacuum tube circuit (1951-1958): This aligns well with the historical development of the first-generation computers, which relied on bulky vacuum tubes for processing.

(c) In third generation computer magnetic disk was used as secondary storage (1965-1971): The introduction of magnetic disks in the third generation marked a significant shift from punched cards and paper tape, enabling more reliable and efficient data storage.

(e) Modern time computers have been made lighter and portable with the help of using organic chip (1986 till date): The development of integrated circuits and later, the miniaturization advancements with transistors and microchips, paved the way for smaller, more portable computers in the late 20th century and beyond.

(c) Anand Bazar Patrika (Bangla Daily): The Bengali-language newspaper Anand Bazar Patrika was first published in 1922 as a four-page evening daily. It was founded by Prafulla Kumar Sarkar and Suresh Chandra Majumdar.

(a) Sandesh (Gujarati Daily): The newspaper Sandesh was published in 1923, from a small office in Ahmedabad. The newspaper was founded by freedom fighter and social worker Shri Nandlal Bodiwala.

(d) Hind Samachar (Urdu Daily): Founded in 1948. Hind Samachar is a daily Urdu newspaper that is circulated in Mumbai. It was one of the three newspaper started by the Punjab Kesari Group back in 1948.

(e) Amar Ujala (Hindi Daily): Amar Ujala is a leading Hindi daily newspaper, which was established in 1948 from Agra in western Uttar Pradesh. It has 22 editions in six states and two union territories, covering 180 districts.

(b) Andhrabhoomi (Telugu Daily): The Telugu daily newspaper Andhra Bhoomi was founded in 1960 by the proprietors of the Deccan Chronicle. It is one of the oldest Telugu-language daily newspapers and is owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Limited.