UGC-NET (NTA) Exam, BUDDHIST, JAINA, GANDHIAN AND PEACE STUDIES, August-2024

(a) Gòvernment Prakrit Research Institute (III - Vaishali): This institute, located in Vaishali, Bihar, specializes in research on Prakrit language, Jain, and Buddhist studies.
(b) Abhaya (IV Charity): Abhaya means "fearlessness", and in religious teachings, it is associated with charity and protecting others.
(c) Sravanabelagola and its monuments (II-S. Settar): S. Settar was a scholar who conducted extensive research on Sravanabelagola, а major Jain pilgrimage site.
(d) Vegetarianism (I - Non-violence): Jainism, Buddhism, and Gandhian philosophy associate vegetarianism with non-violence (Ahimsa).
Thus, the correct matching is (a)-III, (b)-IV, (c)-II, (d)-I.

(a) Got arrested and went to Yeravada Prison (III - May 5, 1930): Gandhi was arrested on May 5, 1930, during the Civil Disobedience Movement and taken to Yeravada Jail.
(b) Met Maria Montessori (IV - October 9, 1931): Gandhi met Maria Montessori in 1931 during his visit to London for the Round Table Conference.
(c) Broke the Salt Law (I - April 6, 1930): Gandhi and his followers broke the British salt monopoly at Dandi on April 6, 1930, marking a crucial step in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(d) Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed )II - March 5, 1931): This agreement between Gandhi and the British government led to the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Thus, the correct matching is (a)-III, (b)-IV, (c)-I, (d)-II.

(a) The leper whom Gandhiji admitted to his ashram is (II - B. Prachure Shastri): Gandhi showed compassion towards lepers, including, В. Prachure Shastri.
(b) Indian businessman accompanied Gandhiji to the Round Table Conference (I - G.D. Birla): G.D. Birla, an industrialist, supported Gandhi and accompanied him to London in 1931.
(c) The light has gone out of our lives after Gandhiji was shot (IV - Nehru): Jawaharlal Nehru made this famous speech on January 30, 1948, after Gandhi's assassination.
(d) Gandhiji called Rabindranath Tagore (III - Gurudev): Gandhi gave the title "Gurudev" to Rabindranath Tagore.
Thus, the correct matching is (a)-II, (b)-I, (c)-IV, (d)-III.

(a) Communal Award (III - Ramsay Mac Donald): Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister, announced the Communal Award in 1932, granting separate electorates to Dalits.
(b) Yeravada Mandir (IPune): Yeravada Jail in Pune was where Gandhi was imprisoned multiple times, including during his fast against the Communal Award.
(c) Gowalia Tank Maidan (II - Bombay): Gowalia Tank (now August Kranti Maidan) in Bombay was where Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942.
(d) Swaraj is my birth-right (IV - Bal Gangadhar Tilak): Bal Gangadhar Tilak coined the famous slogan "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it."
Thus, the correct matching is (a)-III, (b)-I, (c)-II, (d)-IV.

(a) Social Conflicts (IV - Louis Kriesberg): Louis Kriesberg wrote about social conflicts and their resolution in a modern context.
(b) Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict (II Joan Bondurant): Joan Bondurant analyzed Gandhian non-violence as a strategy for resolving conflicts.
(c) War and Peace (III - Leo Tolstoy): Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace is a classic novel that influenced Gandhi's thoughts on morality and resistancе. (d) Non-violence and Aggression: A Study of Gandhi's Moral Equivalent of War (I - H.J.N. Horsburg): Horsburg examined Gandhi's views on non-violence as an alternative to war.
Thus, the correct matching is (a)-IV, (b)-II, (c)-III, (d)-I.

The stupas are arranged from South to North in geographical order:
• Bavikonda Stupa (Andhra Pradesh, South India) - Located near Visakhapatnam, this is one of the earliest Buddhist sites.
• Sanchi Stupa (Madhya Pradesh, Central India) - Built by Emperor Ashoka, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• Dhammekh Stupa (Uttar Pradesh, North India) - Located in Sarnath, it marks the site where Buddha gave his first sermon.
• Kesariya Stupa (Bihar, North India) - One of the largest Buddhist stupas in the world, located in Bihar.
• Namgyalma Stupa (Himachal Pradesh, North India) - Located in Dharamshala, associated with Tibetan Buddhism. Thus, the correct sequence is: (c) Bavikonda →(e) Sanchi → (a) Dhammekh → (d) Kesariya → (b) Namgyalma.

The 12 Nidanas (Dependent Origination) explain how suffering arises:
(c) Ignorance - The root cause of suffering, leading to delusion.
(b) Volitional Formation - Mental formations that create karma.
(e) Clinging Attachment to worldly pleasures and desires.
(a) Birth- Rebirth into the cycle of existence.
(d) Old Age and Death - The inevitable suffering of human life.
Thus, the correct sequence is: (c) Ignorance → (b) Volitional Formation → (e) Clinging → (a) Birth → (d) Old Age and Death.

The books written by Alexander Cunningham are arranged in chronological order:
(d) Mahabodhi, or the Great Buddhist Temple under the Bodhi Tree at BodhGaya (1892) - Focused on Bodh Gaya.
(e) Coins of Ancient India from the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century CE (1891) - A study of numismatics.
(c) The Stupa of Bharhut (1879) - Research on Bharhut stupa.
(a) The Ancient Geography of India (1871) - A work on India's ancient history. (b) The Bhilsa Tope (1854) - About the Sanchi Stupa.
Thus, the correct sequence is: (d) Mahabodhi →(e) Coins of Ancient India →(c) The Stupa of Bharhut→(a) The Ancient Geography of India → (b) The Bhilsa Tope.

The Jain Acharyas are arranged in chronological order:
(b) Acharya Kundakunda (1st-2nd century CE) - Early Jain philosopher.
(c) Acharya Siddhasena (5th century CE) - Logician and writer.
(a) Acharya Virsena (8th-9th century CE) - Known for his work on Jain philosophy.
(e) Acharya Hemachandra (11th-12th century CE) - A great Jain scholar.
(d) Acharya Yasovijaya (17th century CE) - A late medieval Jain thinker.
Thus, the correct sequence is (b) Acharya Kundakunda→ (c) Acharya Siddhasena → (a) Acharya Virsena → (e) Acharya Hemachandra→ (d) Acharya Yasovijaya

The vows of a householder in Jainism are arranged in order:
(e) Samayika [Siksavrata] - Equanimity and periodic meditation.
(c) Posadha [Siksavrata] - Observing fasts and moral discipline.
(b) Atithi Samvibhaga [Siksavrata] Offering food to monks.
(a) Digvrata [Gunavrata] - Restriction on travel distance.
(d) Anarthadanda [Gunavrata] - Avoiding unnecessary violence.
Thus, the correct sequence is: (e) Samayika → (c) Posadha → (b) Atithi Samvibhaga → (a) Digvrata → (d) Anarthadanda.