UGC-NET (NTA) Exam, BUDDHIST, JAINA, GANDHIAN AND PEACE STUDIES, January-2025

Total Questions: 100

21. The old Jain Idol, received from Lohanipur is of this period:

Correct Answer: 4. The period of Maurya's
Solution:

The ancient Jain idol unearthed at Lohanipur near Patna is stylistically and archaeologically dated to the Mauryan period (3rd century BCE). Its polished surface resembles the famous Mauryan art style seen in Asokan pillars.
This idol provides early material evidence of Jain worship during the Mauryan dynasty, contemporaneous with the prominence of Jainism under Chandragupta Maurya and his grandson Bindusara.

22. The causes of KARMASRAVA in Jainism are:

Correct Answer: 3. Five
Solution:

In Jain philosophy, karmasrava-the influx of karmic particles to the soul-is caused by five main factors:

  • Mithyatva (wrong belief)
  • Avirati (non-restraint)
  • Pramada (carelessness)
  • Kasaya (passions like anger, pride, deceit, greed)
  • Yoga (activities of body, speech, and mind)

These five causes explain how karmic matter flows into the soul, binding it and obstructing liberation.

23. The example of Dravidian style of Jaina Architecture is found at:

Correct Answer: 2. Sravanabelagola
Solution:

The most prominent example of Dravidianstyle Jaina architecture is at Sravanabelagola in Karnataka.
The colossal 57-foot monolithic statue of Gommatesvara (Bahubali) and associated temples are built in the Dravidian architectural tradition, characterized by stepped pyramidal towers, intricate carvings, and massive stone sculptures. Khajuraho represents northern Nagara style, Kankali Tila is an archaeological site in Mathura, and Mount Abu's Dilwara temples are in western Indian Maru-Gurjara style, not Dravidian.

24. The option of organizing Agamika Vacana under the chair of Acarya Sthulabhdadra is:

Correct Answer: 2. Pataliputra, 160th Veera Nirvana Samvat
Solution:

The organization of Agamika Vacana (recitation and arrangement of Jain scriptures) under the leadership of Acarya Sthulabhadra took place at Pataliputra in 160 V.N.S. (Veera Nirvana Samvat, counted from Mahavira's nirvana).
This council aimed to preserve the teachings threatened by famine and monastic dispersion. Mathura councils with higher V.N.S. dates occurred later and are not linked with Sthulabhadra.

25. The following religious scripture was studied regularly in Gandhiji's family:

Correct Answer: 2. Ramayana
Solution:

Mahatma Gandhi's family belonged to a devout Vaishnavite tradition, and Tulsidas' Ramayana (Ramcharitmanas) was regularly read in their household.
Gandhi himself wrote in his autobiography The Story of My Experiments with Truth that the daily recitations of the Ramayana by his deeply religious mother, Putlibai, and others in the family had a profound influence on his moral and spiritual development.
Although Gandhi later regarded the Bhagavad Gita as his "spiritual dictionary," during his childhood the Ramayana was the constant scripture shaping his values and devotion, reflecting the Vaishnavite environment of his upbringing.

26. The Three vow's Gandhiji took in front of his mother before leaving for England was administered by:

Correct Answer: 2. Thatcherji Swami
Solution:

Before departing for England in 1888, young Mohandas Gandhi's mother Putlibai wanted assurances about his conduct abroad. The respected Jain monk Becharji (Thatcherji) Swami administered three vows to Gandhi: to abstain from meat, wine, and women.
This solemn vow, taken in the presence of his mother, reflects Gandhi's early adherence to truthfulness and self-restraint, values that shaped his later philosophy.

27. Gandhiji got inspired towards establishing Ashram-an exercise in community-giving by:

Correct Answer: 2. Catholic community's vegetarian society's settlement in Durban
Solution:

Gandhi's idea of creating an ashram as a community experiment was inspired by the Phoenix Settlement near Durban, which was run by a vegetarian society linked to a Catholic Christian group.
Observing their cooperative living and shared labor impressed Gandhi deeply, and he adopted similar principles to establish his own settlements like Phoenix Settlement (1904) and later Tolstoy Farm (1910) in South Africa as exercises in community living and moral discipline.

28. Gandhiji helped the British Govt. in the Boer War by:

Correct Answer: 3. Raising an ambulance corps
Solution:

During the Boer War (1899-1902) in South Africa, Gandhi supported the British by organizing and leading an Indian Ambulance Corps to provide medical assistance to wounded soldiers. Although critical of colonial injustices, Gandhi believed it his duty as a British subject to aid non-violently in medical service.
His leadership earned praise for the Indian community and demonstrated his principle of non-violent service even under oppressive systems.

29. In the Durban Court the judge ask Gandhiji to do this act on the first day of his court case:

Correct Answer: 4. To take off his turban
Solution:

On Gandhi's first appearance in a Durban court, the judge asked him to remove his turban, which Gandhi refused, considering the request disrespectful to Indian custom.
This incident marked one of his earliest confrontations with racial prejudice in South Africa, strengthening his resolve to fight injustice while maintaining dignity and cultural identity.

30. The Statement, "Drugs & drinks are the two arms of the devil. They degrade those who are addicted to them and those who trafic in them" is said by:

Correct Answer: 2. M.K. Gandhi
Solution:

The statement, "Drugs & drinks are the two arms of the devil. They degrade those who are addicted to them and those who traffic in them," was made by Mahatma Gandhi. He consistently campaigned against alcohol and intoxicants, seeing them as moral and social evils that enslaved individuals and weakened society.
Gandhi's advocacy for temperance was integral to his broader vision of self-restraint, moral uplift, and social reform.