UGC-NET (NTA) Exam, BUDDHIST, JAINA, GANDHIAN AND PEACE STUDIES, January-2025

Total Questions: 100

71. Gandhiji agreed to accept the job in South Africa because of:

A. Livelihood
B. Attraction towards western things
C. Humiliation by British officers
D. The prevalent social conditions
E. The education
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. A, C, D only
3. B, C, E only
4. B, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. A, C, D only

Solution:

The correct answer is: A, C, D only
A. Livelihood: Gandhi had recently qualified as a barrister and needed work to support himself and his family.
C. Humiliation by British officers: Though humiliation occurred after arriving, Gandhi's acceptance of the job was also influenced by facing limited opportunities and discrimination in India under British rule.
D. The prevalent social conditions: The offer from Dada Abdulla's firm was attractive amid restrictive opportunities for Indian lawyers.
B. Attraction toward western things and E. The education were not direct reasons for accepting the South Africa job.

72. Choose the correct statements about Gandhi's constructive programmes:

A. It is a booklet of 25 pages
B. It is written in train while travelling form Sevagram to Bardoli
C. In 1941 Gandhi listed thirteen items
D. In 1945 Gandhi removed two items
E. It is written in Delhi
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. В, C, D only
3. A, B, D only
4. C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 1. A, B, C only

Solution:

The correct answer is: A, B, C only
А. It is a booklet of 25 pages: Correct. Gandhi's Constructive Programme: Its Meaning and Place was published as a small, concise booklet of roughly 25 pages, designed for easy distribution and reading among activists and the general public.
B. It is written in a train while traveling from Sevagram to Bardoli: Correct. Gandhi drafted the initial text during a train journey from Sevagram to Bardoli in 1941, reflecting his habit of using travel time for writing.
C. In 1941 Gandhi listed thirteen items: Correct. The first edition included thirteen key items for nation-building, such as communal unity, khadi promotion, village sanitation, prohibition, basic education, uplift of women, and eradication of untouchability.
D. In 1945 Gandhi removed two items: Incorrect. Rather than removing items, Gandhi expanded the constructive programme in the 1945 revision by adding five new items-raising the total to eighteen.
E. It is written in Delhi: Incorrect. The booklet was not composed in Delhi but on the train journey from Sevagram to Bardoli.

73. Identify from the following the Quotes NOT said by Gandhiji:

A. Man's capacity for justice makes democracy possible but man's inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary
B. I believe that in the history of the world, there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle for freedom than ours
C. Dictatorships are one-way streets Democracy boasts two way traffic
D. I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong
E. If you want to raise a crop for one year, plant corn. If you want to raise crop for decades, plant tree. If you want to raise a crop for centuries, raise men. If you want to plant a crop for eternity, raise democracies
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. A, C, E only
3. B, C, D only
4. C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. A, C, E only

Solution:

The correct answer is: A, C, E only
A. "Man's capacity for justice makes democracy possible but man's inclination to injustice makes democracy necessary" Said by Reinhold Niebuhr, not Gandhi.
C. "Dictatorships are one-way streets, democracy boasts two-way traffic" - Not Gandhi; attributed to other modern writers.
E. "If you want to raise a crop for one year, plant corn... raise democracies" - Not Gandhi.
B. "I believe... there has not been a more genuinely democratic struggle..." - Gandhi, referring to the Indian freedom movement.
D. "I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong" - Gandhi.

74. Gandhiji call off the non-co-operation movement because of:

A. Baring down of policemen in ChauriChaura police station
B. Riots in Bombay on the arrival of Prince of Wales there
C. Violent incidents in Ahmedabad, Viramgaon and Kheda in protest against the Rowlatt Act
D. Riots in Calcutta
E. Violent incidents in Punjab
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B & C only
2. B, C & D only
3. A, D & E only
4. C, D & E only

Correct Answer: 1. A, B & C only

Solution:

The correct answer is: A, B & C only
A. Barring down of policemen in Chauri Chaura police station: On 4 February 1922, at Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur district, a mob of protesters attacked and burned a police station, killing 22 policemen.
This violent outbreak directly contradicted Gandhi's principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and served as the immediate trigger for suspending the Non-Cooperation Movement.
B. Riots in Bombay on the arrival of the Prince of Wales: In November 1921, violent clashes broke out in Bombay during protests against the visiting Prince of Wales.
These riots demonstrated that participants were not uniformly adhering to non-violence, reinforcing Gandhi's concern about the discipline required for Satyagraha.
C. Violent incidents in Ahmedabad, Viramgaon, and Kheda in protest against the Rowlatt Act: These earlier incidents (1919-1921) highlighted the risk of spontaneous violence during mass movements. Gandhi noted these disturbances as warning signs that the populace might not yet be prepared for sustained non-violent resistance.
D. Riots in Calcutta and E. Violent incidents in Punjab: While part of the general unrest in India, these were not the direct and primary reasons Gandhi cited for halting the movement.

75. Answer the following based on the Milinda Panho:

A. Milinda Panho comfrited between 150 BC and 400 CE
B. Milinda Panho is a Unitary text
C. Chinese version, Nagasena-Sutra contains only the first 5 chapters of the Milinda Panho
D. Last 4 chapters of the Milinda Panho are later addition
E. Nagasena studied the Buddhism under the Thera Rohana and entered in to Sangha
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. А, D, E only
3. B, C, D only
4. C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. А, D, E only

Solution:

The correct answer is: A, D & E only
A. Milinda Pañho composed between 150 BCE and 400 CE: Scholars agree on this broad timeframe.
D. Last four chapters are later additions: Accepted by scholars-the earlier core differs in style and doctrine from the later parts.
E. Nagasena studied Buddhism under Thera Rohana and entered the Sangha: Tradition records this.
B. Milinda Pañho is a unitary text: Incorrect; it is composite.
C. Chinese version (Nagasena Sutra) contains only the first five chapters: Incorrect-the Chinese version omits some material but not limited strictly to five chapters as presented.

76. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Vowel in Tibetan	I. Right view
B. First Five Disciples	II. Marpa
C. Kargyud Sect	III. Naro
D. Lam Rim Teaching	IV. Assaji

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
2. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
3. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution:

The correct match is: A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
A. Vowel in Tibetan – III. Naro: "Naro" is linked with the Tibetan vowel notation and teachings attributed to Naropa (Naro).
B. First Five Disciples – IV. Assaji: Assaji was one of the first five monks who became the Buddha's earliest disciples.
C. Kargyud Sect – II. Marpa: The Kagyu (Kargyud) school of Tibetan Buddhism traces its transmission lineage to Marpa the Translator.
D. Lam Rim Teaching – I. Right View: Lam Rim ("Stages of the Path") in Tibetan Buddhism begins with Right View as its foundation

77. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. The Perfections	I. Suffering Caused by Change
B. First Noble Truth	II. Bhavnamarga
C. Second Noble Truth	III. Sila
D. The Bodhisattava Path	IV. Action and Mental defilements

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. А-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
2. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Correct Answer: 1. А-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

The correct match is: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

A. The Perfections – III. Sila: Among the six perfections (paramitas), moral discipline (sila) is key.
B. First Noble Truth – I. Suffering Caused by Change: The First Noble Truth is the recognition of suffering, including the suffering of change.
C. Second Noble Truth – IV. Action and Mental Defilements: The cause of suffering is craving and mental defilements, linked to action (karma).
D. The Bodhisattva Path – II. Bhavanamarga: The Bodhisattva follows the path of cultivation (bhavanamarga).

78. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Sadhamma	I. Reading books of Dhamma
B. Not Dhamma	II. Not to kill living beings
C. Dhamma	III. Righeousnes
D. Non-Meritorious deeds	IV. To reach perfection in life

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
3. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 2. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

The correct match is: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
A. Sadhamma – III. Righteousness: Sadhamта means true teaching or righteousness.
B. Not Dhamma - I. Reading books of Dhamma: Merely reading texts without practice is "not Dhamта.
C. Dhamma - IV. To reach perfection in life: Dhamma practice leads to perfection in life.
D. Non-Meritorious Deeds - II. Not to kill living beings: Failing to abstain from harm is non-meritorious; conversely, abstaining creates merit.

79. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Mahisasaka	I. Break away from Mahisasaka
B. Sarvastivadin	II. A branch of Mahasamghika
C. Haimavata	III. Close to Sthaviravadins
D. Dharmaguptaka	IV. Branched off from Sthaviravada

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-IV, В-III, С-II, D-I
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

Correct Answer: 2. A-IV, В-III, С-II, D-I

Solution:

The correct match is: A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
A. Mahisasaka IV. Branched off from Sthaviravada: The Mahisasakas split from the early Sthaviravada school.
B. Sarvastivadin - III. Close to Sthaviravadins: Sarvastivadins are doctrinally close to Sthaviravada.
C. Haimavata - II. A branch of Mahasamghika: The Haimavatas are considered a northern branch of Mahasamghikas.
D. Dharmaguptaka - I. Break away from Mahisasaka: The Dharmaguptakas separated from the Mahisasakas.

80. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I (Text)	List-II (Translator)
A. Saddharmapundarikasutra	I. Bodhiruci
B. Avatamsaka-Sutra	II. Kumarajiva
C. Caturvarga vinayapitaka	III. Buddhabhadra
D. Lankavatara-Sutra	IV. Buddhayasa

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I

Correct Answer: 3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:

The correct match is: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
A. Saddharma-pundarika Sutra - II. Kumarajiva: The Lotus Sutra was famously translated into Chinese by Kumarajiva in 406 CE.
B. Avatamsaka Sutra - III. Buddhabhadra: Buddhabhadra translated the Avatamsaka (Flower Garland) Sutra into Chinese in the early 5th century.
C. Caturvarga Vinayapitaka - IV. Buddhayasas: Buddhayasas translated this Vinaya text.
D. Lankavatara Sutra - I. Bodhiruci: Bodhiruci produced an important Chinese translation of the Lankavatara Sutra.