UGC-NET (NTA) Exam, BUDDHIST, JAINA, GANDHIAN AND PEACE STUDIES, June-2020

Total Questions: 100

91. Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:

When we examine the Tripitakas of eighteen schools, so far as they are extant, we find an agreement which is substantial, though not complete. Even the most conservative of the early schools seem to have added new texts to their collections.
However, there is a central body of Sutras (dialogues), in four groups, which is so similar in all known versions that we must accept these so many recensions of the same original texts.
These make up the greater part of Sutra Pitaka, one of the three sections or traditions which make up the Tripitakas.
Since it is the Sutra which is recognized as the primary source for the doctrine of Buddhism, we shall proceed below to take the text which might be critically edited by comparing their different recensions as the basis of the exposition of the doctrine as it evidently existed before the schisms which divided the schools:
It may be noted here that whatever textual discrepancies are found hardly affect the doctrine.
The reason for accepting all recensions of the same sutra as the original text in the collection of the sutra was
(a) They were critically edited by comparing their different recensions as the basis of our expositions of the doctrine as it evidently existed before the schisms which divided the schools.
(b) Whatever discrepancies were found hardly affect the doctrine.
(c) Since it is the sutras which are recognized as the primary source for the doctrine of Buddhism.
(d) Even the most conservative of the early schools seem to have added new texts to their collection.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A. (c) and (d) only
B. (a) and (c) only
C. (b) and (d) only
D. (a) and (b) only

Correct Answer: D. (a) and (b) only

92. Given below are two Statements:

Statement I: Whatever the textual discrepancies found, they hardly affect the doctrine.
Statement II: The sutras were recognized as the primary source of doctrine, but not all their recensions of the same texts were recognized as the primary source of the same doctrine.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
D. Statement I is incorrect, but Statement II is correct

Correct Answer: C. Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect

93. The tendency to add new texts to the Tripitaka-collection was present in

A. All Schools of Buddhism.
B. Some Schools of Buddhism.
C. The most conservative Schools of Buddhism.
D. Only early Schools of Buddhism.

Correct Answer: A. All Schools of Buddhism.

94. What was the basis of the division of the schools?

A. It is exposition of the same doctrine in different ways.
B. Many recensions of the same sutras.
C. It is schisms that divided the schools.
D. Discrepancies affected the doctrine contained in the sutras.

Correct Answer: C. It is schisms that divided the schools.

95. The constituent of the greater part of sutra pitaka was

A. There were many recensions of the same original texts.
B. There is a central body of sutra.
C. Many recensions of the same texts have been accepted as original.
D. It is the sutras which were recognised as the primary source for the doctrine of Buddhism.

Correct Answer: C. Many recensions of the same texts have been accepted as original.

96. Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Buddhism has been a great force for peace in the world. The Buddha's policy of peace, self-sacrifice, kindness, and charity finds an echo in the Mahabharata also.
This spirit moulded the lives of numerous saints in medieval India and the great minds of Modern India too, have been guided by the Buddha's teachings. The influence that the life of the master exercised on Mahatma Gandhi is selfevident.
He turned the principle of Satyagraha into action in his private and public life and some of the present Indian leaders are the direct heirs of their Master, the Father of the Indian Nation.
J.L. Nehru, PM of India, has declared times without number, his firm faith in the peaceful methods of settling disputes at home and abroad.
This accounts for the fact that India has refrained from joining any power bloc. The declared foreign policy of the Government of India is based on the five rules of conduct, the Pancasila, itself a Buddhist term, which allows for the possibilities of peaceful co-existence between peoples of different ideologies.
Identify the Buddha's policy which has not in fluenced the life of Mahatma Gandhi.