UGC-NET (NTA) Exam, BUDDHIST, JAINA, GANDHIAN AND PEACE STUDIES, June - 2025

Total Questions: 100

51. Arrange the following books of Gandhi in their publication order from early to later:

A. The story of my experiments with truth Vol-I
B. From Yarvada Mandir
C. Hind Swaraj
D. Constructive Programme
E. Satyagraha in South Africa
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B, А, D. E. C
2. C, A, E, B, D
3. C, E, A, D, B
4. C, A, E, D, B

Correct Answer: 2. C, A, E, B, D

Solution:

Books of Gandhi in publication order (early→ later):
C. Hind Swaraj (1909) - Gandhi's first major political-philosophical work, critiquing Western civilization.
A. The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Vol-I (1927–29) – Gandhi's autobiography, serialized in Navajivan and Young India.
E. Satyagraha in South Africaа. (1928) - His detailed account of the struggle in South Africaа.
B. From Yeravda Mandir (1930) – Written during Yeravda jail imprisonment, reflections on vows and discipline.
D. Constructive Programme (1941) – A short booklet on Gandhi's vision for nationbuilding. Correct chronological order: CА→ E→ B → D.

52. Arrange the following in chronological order from early to later in regard to their establishment:

A. Gujarat Vidyapith
B. Tolstoy Farm
C. Phoenix Settlement
D. Sevagram Ashram
E. Satyagraha Ashram
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, C, B, D, E
2. С, B, A, E, D
3. B, C, E, A, D
4. C, B, E, A, D

Correct Answer: 4. C, B, E, A, D

Solution:

Establishment years of Gandhi's settlements/ashrams:
C. Phoenix Settlement - 1904 (Durban, South Africa, based on Ruskin's Unto This Last).
B. Tolstoy Farm - 1910 (near Johannesburg, South Africa, with Hermann Kallenbach).
E. Satyagraha Ashram - 1915 (Kocharab, Ahmedabad → later Sabarmati Ashram).
A. Gujarat Vidyapith - 1920 (Ahmedabad, during the Non-Cooperation Movement).
D. Sevagram Ashram - 1936 (Wardha, Maharashtra).
Correct chronological order (early → later): С (1904) → В (1910) → Е (1915) → А (1920) → D (1936).

53. Arrange the following in chronological order (from early to later):

A. Simon Commission
B. Rowlett Act
C. Shimla Conference
D. Cripps Mission
E. Wavell Plan
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. B, A, D, E, C
2. A, C, В, E, D
3. C, E, D, A, B
4. D, A, C, B, E

Correct Answer: 1. B, A, D, E, C

Solution:

B. Rowlatt Act - 1919 (Passed by the Imperial Legislative Council to extend wartime repressive measures; triggered protests and Jallianwala Bagh tragedy).
A. Simon Commission – 1927 (Arrived in India in 1928 to review constitutional reforms, but boycotted since it had no Indian member).
D. Cripps Mission - 1942 (Sent by the British government during WWII to secure Indian cooperation, but proposals were rejected).
E. Wavell Plan - 1945 (Proposed at the Simla Conference to reconstitute the Viceroy's Executive Council with Indian leaders).
C. Shimla Conference – 1945 (Held under Lord Wavell's plan; failed due to Congress-League disagreements).
Chronological Order (early → later): B (1919) → A (1927/28) → D (1942) → Е (1945) → C (1945).

54. Arrange the following in chronological order from early to later:

A. Pakistan's nuclear test
B. Nagasaki
C. Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan
D. China's nuclear test
E. Hiroshima
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C, D, E
2. B, A, C, E, D
3. E, B, D, C, A
4. D, E, B, A, C

Correct Answer: 3. E, B, D, C, A

Solution:

Chronological order of the events:
E. Hiroshima (1945) – First atomic bomb dropped on 6 August 1945.
B. Nagasaki (1945) – Second atomic bomb dropped on 9 August 1945.
D. China’s nuclear test (1964) – First atomic test conducted at Lop Nur on 16 October 1964.
C. Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan (1988) – Proposal for global nuclear disarmament presented at the UN.
A. Pakistan’s nuclear test (1998) – Conducted on 28 May 1998 at Chagai Hills.
Correct sequence: E → B → D → C → A.

55. Arrange the following in chronological order (Early to later):

A. Eighteen Nations Disarmament Commission
B. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
C. UN Disarmament Commission
D. The Antarctic Treaty
E. Conference on Disarmament
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C, D, E
2. C, D, A, B, Е
3. B, E, A, C, D
4. D, B, E, А, C

Correct Answer: 2. C, D, A, B, Е

Solution:

C. UN Disarmament Commission – 1952 (established under the UNGA as a subsidiary body).
D. The Antarctic Treaty – 1959, entered into force 1961 (prohibited military activity and nuclear testing in Antarctica).
A. Eighteen Nations Disarmament Commission – 1962 (set up in Geneva; precursor to later forums).
B. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) – 1973 (led to the 1975 Helsinki Final Act, later became OSCE).
E. Conference on Disarmament – 1979 (established as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum).
Correct chronological order (early → later): C (1952) → D (1959/61) → A (1962) → В (1973)→ E (1979).

56. Identify the correct statements about Saranatha.

A. This is the place where Lord Buddha gave first sermon.
B. Here there is a Temple of the wheel of the law founded by Kumaradevi
C. It is situated in the modern state Bihar.
D. Dhamekh stupa is situated here.
E. It is situated on the bank of Yamuna river.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. A, B, D only
3. B, C, D only
4. C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. A, B, D only

Solution:

The correct statements about Saranath:
A. Correct → Sarnath is where Lord Buddha gave his first sermon (Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta).
B. Correct → A temple of the wheel of law (Dharmachakra) was built by Kumaradevi, wife of King Govindachandra of Kannauj (12th century).
C. Incorrect → Sarnath is in Uttar Pradesh (near Varanasi), not Bihar.
D. Correct → The famous Dhamekh Stupa is located here.
E. Incorrect→ Sarnath is near the Ganga, not on the Yamuna.
Correct: A, B, D.

57. Identify the Ancient Buddhist Educational Institutions.

A. Somapuri
B. Vaisali
C. Jaisalamer
D. Jagaddala
E. Udantapuri
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, D, E only
2. A, B, E only
3. B, C, D only
4. C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 1. A, D, E only

Solution:

The Ancient Buddhist Educational Institutions:
A. Somapuri (Somapura Mahavihara) - Present-day Bangladesh, built by Dharmapala (Pala dynasty).
B. Vaisali - Important Buddhist site, but not a formal university/mahavihara.
C. Jaisalmer - Not a Buddhist centre, mainly Jain influence.
D. Jagaddala - Another great Buddhist university (Pala period, Bengal).
E. Udantapuri (Bihar) - Founded by Gopala (Pala ruler), a major mahavihara.
Correct: A, D, E.

58. Identify the correct statement about the Madhyamika School of Buddhist philosophy.

A. It was developed by Nagarjuna.
B. It is also known as Sunyavada.
C. It holds that reality is pure consciousness.
D. It advocates relativity.
E. It advocates sarvam asti.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C only
2. A, B, E only
3. A, B, D only
4. B, C, D only

Correct Answer: 3. A, B, D only

Solution:

The correct statement about the Madhyamika School:
A. Correct→ Founded by Nagarjuna (2nd century CE).
B. Correct → Also known as Sunyavada (Doctrine of Emptiness).
C. Incorrect → "Reality is pure consciousness" belongs to Vijnanavada (Yogacara), not Madhyamika.
D. Correct → Madhyamika advocates relativity (pratityasamutpada), i.e., dependent origination.
E. Incorrect → "Sarvam asti" (everything exists) belongs to Sarvastivada, not Madhyamika.
Correct: A, B, D.

59. Identify the biographies of the Lord Buddha.

A. Mahavastu
B. Buddhaghosuppatti
C. Nidanakatha
D. Telakatahagatha
E. Lalitavistara
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, E only
2. B, C, D only
3. B, C, E only
4. A, C, E only

Correct Answer: 4. A, C, E only

Solution:

The biographies of Lord Buddha:
A. Mahavastu - Legendary biography of Buddha, belonging to Lokottaravada school.
B. Buddhaghosuppatti - Not a biography of Buddha, rather a biography of Buddhaghosa.
C. Nidanakatha - Introductory story to Jataka tales, containing Buddha's life story.
D. Telakatahagatha - A Pali text, not a Buddha biography.
E. Lalitavistara - A Sanskrit Mahayana text, biography of Buddha. Correct: A, C, E.

60. Identify the Angas of Pratitya-Samutpada:

A. Samskara
B. Sila
C. Vijnanа
D. Prajna
E. Namarupa
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. В, C, D only
2. A, C, E only
3. A, B, C only
4. C, D, E only

Correct Answer: 2. A, C, E only

Solution:

The Angas of Pratitya-Samutpada (Dependent Origination):
The 12 links are: Avidya → Samskara → Vijnana → Namarupa → Sadayatana → Sparsa → Vedana → Trsna → Upadana → Bhava → Jati→ Jaramarana.
A. Samskara - Yes, 2nd link.
B. Sila - No, part of ethics, not dependent origination.
C. Vijnana - Yes, 3rd link (consciousness).
D. Prajna - Wisdom, not part of 12 links.
E. Namarupa - Yes, 4th link (name and form). Correct: A, C, E.