UGC-NET (NTA) Exam, BUDDHIST, JAINA, GANDHIAN AND PEACE STUDIES, June - 2025

Total Questions: 100

81. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. (Anuvrata) Miner vow	I. Monks
B. (Mahavrata) Major vow	II. Time
C. (Drava) Substance	III. Non sentient being
D. (Tattva) Element	IV. House-holders

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

Correct Answer: 3. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.
A. Anuvrata (Minor vow) → Householders (IV): Laypersons (sravakas) take Anuvratas (small vows) suitable for worldly life.
B. Mahavrata (Major vow) → Monks (I): Ascetics (munis & aryikas) practicе Mahavratas (great vows) in their full, strict form.
C. Dravya (Substance) → Time (II): Jain metaphysics describes 6 dravyas, one of which is kala (time).
D. Tattva (Element) →Non-sentient being (III): Ajiva (non-sentient entities) like matter, space, dharma, adharma are part of Jain tattvas. Correct Match: A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

82. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I (Texts)	List-II (Authors)
A. Jain Tarkabhasa	I. Siddhasena
B. Rajavartika	II. Kundakunda
C. Sammaisuttam	III. Yasovijaya
D. Dasabhakti texts	IV. Akalanka

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
2. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II (Texts - Authors)
A. Jain Tarkabhasa → Yasovijaya (III): A 17thcentury Jain text on logic and epistemology by the monk-scholar Yasovijaya.
B. Rajavartika → Akalanka (IV): A famous commentary on Tattvarthasatra written by Acarya Akalanka.
C. Sammaisuttam → Siddhasena (I): A Prakrit text attributed to Siddhasena Divakara.
D. Dasabhakti texts → Kundakunda (II): Jain devotional texts attributed to Acarya Kundakunda.
Correct Match: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

83. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I (Names of Acarya)	List-II (Sects)
A. Jinadatta Suri	I. Svetambara Sthanakavasi
B. Acarya Bhiksu	II. Digambara
C. Acarya Virasena	III. Svetambara Terapantha
D. Acarya Nanalalaji	IV. Svetambara Murtipujaka

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
3. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Correct Answer: 4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II (Acaryas - Jain Sects)
A. Jinadatta Suri → Svetambara Murtipujaka (IV): Founder of the Kharatara Gaccha of the Svetambara Murtipujaka tradition.
B. Acarya Bhiksu → Svetambara Terapantha (III): Founder of the Terapanth sect (18th century).
C. Acarya Virasena → Digambara (II): A great Digambara Acarya and commentator (wrote Dhavala).
D. Acarya Nanalalaji → Svetambara Sthanakavasi (I): Associated with the Sthanakavasi sect.
Correct Match: A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.

84. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Meghuti Jain Temple	I. Baitula
B. Jain Temples of Muktagiri	II. Palitana
C. Jain Temples of Delwada	III. Aihole
D. Jain Temples of Satrunjaya Teerth	IV. Mount Abu

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II (Jain Temples - Places)
A. Meghuti Jain Temple → Aihole (III): Built by Ravikeerti, minister of Chalukya king Pulakeshin II, at Aihole (Karnataka).
B. Jain Temples of Muktagiri → Baitul (I): Located on Satpura ranges in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh.
C. Jain Temples of Delwara → Mount Abu (IV): Famous Dilwara Temples (11th-13th century) at Mount Abu, Rajasthan.
D. Jain Temples of Shatrunjaya Tirth→ Palitana (II): Sacred Jain pilgrimage site in Palitana, Gujarat.
Correct Match: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

85. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Indian Opinion	I. 1919
B. Navajivan	II. 1896
C. Harijan	III. 1903
D. The Green Pamphlet	IV. 1933

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
2. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I

Correct Answer: 3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II (Gandhi's Journals & Pamphlets - Years)
A. Indian Opinion → 1903 (III): Founded in South Africa to spread Gandhi's ideas.
B. Navajivan → 1919 (I): Gujarati weekly started after his return to India.
C. Harijan → 1933 (IV): Launched to promote Gandhi's campaign against untouchability.
D. The Green Pamphlet → 1896 (II): Distributed in London to expose Indian conditions under colonial rule.
Correct Match: A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II.

86. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Trusteeship	I. Service of neighbours
B. Bread labour	II. Economic equality
C. Panchayati Raj	III. Dignity of manual labour
D. Swadeshi	IV. Decentralization of power

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
2. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Correct Answer: 4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II (Gandhian Concepts):
A. Trusteeship → II. Economic equality: Gandhi's concept of trusteeship meant that the wealthy should act as trustees of their wealth for the welfare of society, ensuring social and economic equality.
B. Bread labour → III. Dignity of manual labour: Gandhi believed everyone must engage in physical labour ("bread labour") to uphold the dignity of work and self-reliance.
C. Panchayati Raj → IV. Decentralization of power: Gandhi strongly advocated village self-rule as the foundation of Indian democracy.
D. Swadeshi → I. Service of neighbours: Swadeshi meant using local goods and serving the needs of one's own community before others. Correct Match: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

87. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Antyodya	I. Kuhne
B. Civil Disobedience	II. Bondarf
C. Bread labour	III. Thoreau
D. Nature cure	IV. Ruskin

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Correct Answer: 2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II (Influences on Gandhi):
A. Antyodaya → IV. Ruskin: Gandhi's idea of Antyodaya (uplift of the last man) was inspired by John Ruskin's book Unto This Last.
B. Civil Disobedience → III. Thoreau: The American thinker Henry David Thoreau's essay Civil Disobedience influenced Gandhi's philosophy of satyagraha.
C. Bread labour → II. Bondarf: The concept of bread labour (everyone must earn their bread through physical work) Gandhi adopted from Russian writer Bondarf.
D. Nature cure → I. Kuhne: Gandhi was influenced by Louis Kuhne, a German naturopath, in his ideas of nature cure and simple living. Correct Match: A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I.

88. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Llyod Axworthy	I. Peace Leader
B. Woodrow Wilson	II. Positive Peace
C. Johan Goltung	III. Ottawar Treaty
D. Martin Luther King, Jr.	IV. New Diplomacy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Solution:

Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
A. Llyod Axworthy → III. Ottawa Treaty: Canadian foreign minister Lloyd Axworthy was central to the Ottawa Treaty (1997) banning landmines.
B. Woodrow Wilson → IV. New Diplomacy: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson advocated for "new diplomacy" and principles of collective security after WWI (Fourteen Points, League of Nations).
C. Johan Galtung → II. Positive Peace: Johan Galtung, a pioneer in peace studies, introduced the concepts of positive peace (justice + equity) and structural violence.
D. Martin Luther King Jr. → I. Peace Leader: MLK Jr., inspired by Gandhi, is recognized as one of the greatest peace leaders of the 20th century.
Correct Match: A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I.

89. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)	I. Israel and United Arab Emirates
B. Abraham Accords	II. India and Pakistan
C. Indus-Water Treaty	III. US and Russia
D. New Start Treaty	IV. Iran

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
3. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

Correct Answer: 2. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Solution:

A. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCРОА) → IV. Iran: Signed in 2015 between Iran and P5+1 (US, UK, France, Russia, China + Germany) to limit Iran's nuclear program.
B. Abraham Accords → I. Israel and United Arab Emirates: Signed in 2020, normalizing relations between Israel and UAE (later extended to Bahrain, Morocco, Sudan).
C. Indus-Water Treaty → II. India and Pakistan: Brokered by the World Bank in 1960, allocating waters of the Indus River system between India and Pakistan.
D. New START Treaty → III. US and Russia: Signed in 2010, it limited deployed strategic nuclear warheads and delivery systems of US and Russia.
Correct Match: A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

90. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II.

List-I	List-II
A. Mary Kaldor	I. The Accidental Guerilla
B. Martin Van Greveld	II. On War
C. David Kilburller	III. New Ware and Old Ware
D. Karl Von Clousewitz	IV. The Transformation of War

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Correct Answer: 2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

Solution:

A. Mary Kaldor → III. New & Old Wars: She is best known for her book New & Old Wars: Organized Violence in a Global Era (1999).
B. Martin Van Creveld → IV. The Transformation of War: Israeli military historian, wrote The Transformation of War (1991), redefining modern conflict.
C. David Kilcullen →I. The Accidental Guerrilla: Counterinsurgency expert, wrote The Accidental Guerrilla: Fighting Small Wars in the Midst of a Big One (2009).
D. Karl Von Clausewitz → II. On War: Prussian general, classic work Vom Kriege (On War, 1832). Correct Match: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.