UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Dec. 2020/June, 2021 Geography

Deep below the surface, Subsurface current flows however, ocean circulation is primarily driven by changes in seawater density, which is determined by salinity and temperature. In colder regions such as the North Atlantic near Greenland, cooled highsalinity surface waters can become dense enough to sink to great depths and move towards equatorial warmer equatorial region.
The 'Global Conveyor Belt' visualization (below) shows a simplified model of how this type of circulation would work as an interconnected system. So A and R both are correct but R is not explaning A here.

A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced concept which reflects a middle path between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neodeterminism or stop and go determinism. According to him, the environment presents possibilities in numerous ways and for every choice a price must be paid. He also describes man as a traffic controller who i3 able to slow, stop or fasten the rate of progress

Development of technology leading to increasing food production was not considered by Malthus while stating Malthusian theory of population growth.
The Malthusian Theory of Population describes his theory first in 1798 in his book An essay on the Principle of geography is the theory of exponential population and arithmetic food supply growth. This theory was proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus. He believed that a balance between population growth and food supply can be established through preventive and positive checks.
Major Elements of the Malthusian Theory
• The Malthusian theory explained that the population grows in a geometrical fashion.
• The population would double in 25 years at this rate. However, the food supply grows in an arithmetic progression.
• When the increasing population rate is greater than the food supply, disequilibrium exists. As a result, people will not get enough food even for survival. People will die due to lack of food supply.
• Nature has its own ways of keeping a check on the increasing population. It brings the population level to the level of the available food supply.
• Positive checks on population like famine Catastrophe, Natural disaster
• The preventive measures such as late marriage, selfcontrol, simple living, help to balance the population growth and food supply.

Rossby local winds are not related with drainage winds. Atmospheric Rossby waves on Earth are giant meanders in high-altitude winds that have a major influence on weather. These waves are associated with pressure systems and the jet stream. Oceanic Rossby waves move along the thermocline: the boundary between the warm upper layer and the cold deeper part of the ocean.
• Drainage winds are winds that carries high density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity, It is also called as katabatic wind. ExampleBora, Santa ana, Bohemian, Oroshi, Mistral etc.

The correct order of ocean currents in the northern part of Pacific ocean in clockwise direction is North equatorial current - Kuroshio current - West wind drift - California current.
Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater. It is a massive movement of ocean water that is caused and influenced by various forces. They are like river flows in oceans.

Yardangs are the creation of erosion by Aeolian process. They are formed by wind erosion through abrasion process. Yardangs are parallel troughs cut into softer rock running in the direction of the wind, separated by ridges. The direction of the yardangs can indicate the direction of the prevailing wind.
Aeolian processes, also spelled eolian, pertain to wind activity in the study of geology and weather and specifically to the wind's ability to shape the surface of the Earth.

The most intense of these to reach the earth's surface is visible light, with a wavelength around 500 nanometers. The energy the earth received from the sun is called the "solar constant," which is defined as calories per square centimeter per minute.

P. Gould, H. White and Lynch developed the concept of "Mental Map". Mental maps are a way of combining our objective knowledge of places in addition to our subjective perceptions, or opinions, of locations around the world. Mental maps are tricky, as each individual person has a different set of perceptions they have in their heads about the same exact world we all live in. What one person associates with a city or country could be precisely opposite of the person standing right next to them.