UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Dec. 2020/June, 2021 Geography

Globalization means the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information. It raises the degree of independence resulting in lesser control over the domestic economy and loss of economic sovereignty.
The globalization of production is concomitant to the globalization of trade. As one can't function without the other. Exports nearly doubled from 8.5% of total gross world product in 1970 to 16.2% in 2001.
Since the 1970s, aviation has become increasingly affordable to middle classes in developed countries. The term globalization as it's used today came to prominence in the 1980s, reflecting several technological advancements that expedited international transactions.
Therefore (A), (C), (D) option is correct. Although Globalization is the recent trend in trade but recently it can be seen from the various countries and Union of countries that protectionism is on rise to protect the domestic goods production from foreign cheap low quality products, So, Option B is incorrect

The San Andreas Fault is part of a transform plate boundary that disrupts the topography of an ancient subduction zone. Transform fault is neither convergent neither divergent in nature, it occurs when plates slides pass each other

The most important factor responsible for localization of high-tech firms in Silicon Valley of California is Agglomeration Economy. Agglomeration Economies are the benefits that come when firms and people locate near one another together in cities and industrial clusters.
These benefits all ultimately come from transport costs savings: the only real difference between a nearby firm and one across the continent is that it is easier to connect with a neighbor.
Of course, transportation costs must be interpreted broadly, and they include the difficulties in exchanging goods, people, and ideas. The connection between agglomeration economies and transport costs would seem to suggest that agglomerations should become less important, as transportation and communication costs have fallen. Yet, a central paradox of our time is that in cities, industrial agglomerations remain remarkably vital, despite ever easier movement of goods and knowledge across space

The first meteorological satellite was TIROSI (The Television Infrared Observation Satellite Program), the first of a series of Television Infrared Observation Satellites placed in low Earth orbit. The TIROS Program was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth.
About TIROS-1
Launch Date: April 1, 1960
Operational Period : 78 days
Launch Vehicle : Standard Thor-Able
Launch Site : Cape Canaveral, FL
Type: Weather Satellite
While KALPANA-1 METSAT is first meteorological satellite of India.

Anticyclones can be identified on weather charts as an often large area of widely spaced isobars, where pressure is higher than surrounding areas. It's worth noting that there isn't a critical pressure value that determines when we have high pressure, it simply depends on what is going on around. If the pressure is higher in one place than the places around it, then it is a high pressure area.
In summer, the clear settled conditions associated with anticyclones allow the Sun's light to warm the ground. This can bring long sunny days and warm temperatures. The weather is normally dry, although occasionally, very hot temperatures can trigger localised thunderstorms. An anticyclone situated over the UK(Britain) or near continent usually brings warm, fine weather. In summer over land, days are warm or hot and sunny, nights are clear.

Neo-Malthusianism refers to the belief that population control through the use of contraception is essential for the survival of the earth's human population. It rests on the observation that resources are limited, and that growing populations could rapidly outstrip the provision of resources including land and food.
The Principle of Population" suggested that population growth should be limited through abstinence and by restricting the marriage of those who live in poverty or suffer physical defects. He also theorized that disease, starvation and war were "positive checks" that helped to limit population growth.
Today, neo-Malthusians advocate birth control as the most practical means of limiting population growth. Thomas Robert Malthus was an English cleric, scholar and influential economist in the fields of political economy and demography. While Option D is incorrect because
Option E is incorrect because population pyramid shows the age - sex distribution of a given population at a given time. ibid Que-11 Answer.

Less use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is incorrect about agro-industrialization. The term agro-industrialization refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. It is typically large scale and capital intensive. Industrial agriculture by itself, is heavily dependent on oil for every stage of its operation.
The most obvious examples would be: fuelling farm machinery, transporting produce, and producing fertilizers and other farm inputs. Agroindustrialization is positive in some aspects and makes a huge part to producing food for the whole world, large amount of due to which it requires chemical fertilizers and pesticides but at the same time it contributes to environmental degradation such as: massive deforestation, land degradation and desertification, air pollution, increasing concerns about the long term health of local workers.

Growth Pole was proposed by Francois Perroux in 1955 as a part of economic planning in France, He was concerned with the phenomenon of economic development and with the process of structural change.
The concept of Growth Centre however was proposed by Boudeville as a part of his studies in Minas Gerais (Iron ore mines- largest in Brazil). Boudeville gave a regional character and a specific geographic content to Perroux's conception.
The theory of Growth Pole & Growth Centre have been proposed by French economists with a view to resurrecting the French economy with propulsive growth in a short span of time.