UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Environmental Sciences, September-2024

Total Questions: 100

31. An air parcel undergoes compression i.e. its volume deceases, then its internal energy

[Given: First law of thermodynamics dU = dQ + dW] dW = -pdV, dQ = 0

Correct Answer: C. Will increase
Solution:

From the first law of thermodynamics, dU = dQ + dW. Here, dQ = 0 (adiabatic compression, no heat exchange) and dW = -p dV. If the air parcel is compressed, dV is negative; thus -p (negative) is positive.

This implies an increase in internal energy (dU > 0). Physically, compressing a gas adiabatically raises its temperature and internal energy.

32. Match the List-I with List-II.

List-I (Chemical Species)List-II (Oxidation Number of N/S)
(a) HS⁻I. -1
(b) N₂OII. -2
(c) S₂²⁻III. +1
(d) R₂NHIV. -3

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(a)(b)(c)(d)
A.IIIIIIIV
B.IIIIVIII
C.IIIIIIIV
D.IIIIIIIV
Correct Answer: C.
Solution:

33. Which of the following states that "EIA as a national instrument shall be undertaken for the proposed activities that are likely to have significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of a competent national authority".

Correct Answer: A. Principle 17 of Rio Declaration (1992)
Solution:

Principle 17 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) states that Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) shall be undertaken for proposed activities likely to have a significant adverse impact on the environment and are subject to a decision of a competent national authority.

This principle underscores the importance of EIA as a national instrument for sustainable development.

34. Which one of the following coalfields belong to lignite type coal deposit?

Correct Answer: C. Makum, Assam
Solution:

Lignite is often referred to as "brown coal," having the lowest rank among the coal series. Raniganj (West Bengal), Singrauli (Madhya Pradesh), and Talcher (Odisha) are known for bituminous or sub-bituminous coal.

In contrast, Makum coalfields in Assam are part of Tertiary coal deposits and can include lignite to sub-bituminous grades, making Makum more closely associated with lignite-type deposits than the other listed fields.

35. Arrange the following scientist in order of their contribution in the evolution of branch of ecology.

(a) Arthur Transley
(b) Ernst Haeckel
(c) Eugene Odum
(d) Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire
(e) Hanns Reiter
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (d), (e), (b), (a), (c)
Solution:

A simplified chronological order of these figures in the evolution of ecology begins with Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (d), followed by Hanns Reiter (e). Ernst Haeckel (b) comes next, famously coining the term "ecology" in 1866.

Arthur Tansley (a) introduced the concept of the "ecosystem" in 1935. Eugene Odum (c), often called the "father of modern ecology," published foundational works on ecosystem ecology in the mid-20th century.
Hence the correct order is (d) → (e) → (b) → (a) → (c).

36. Following statements specifies various steps involved for assessing the model fitness (regression analysis). Arrange these statements in correct sequence that helps in assessing the overall fitness of the model (dependent variable: y; independent variable: 𝓍)

(a) Estimate the mean of residuals
(b) Assessment of mean of fitted dependent variable and given dependent variable
(c) Estimate the value of a and b from equation y = a + b𝓍
(d) Assessment of the mean of the residuals
(e) Calculate the value of residuals
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: B. (c), (e), (b), (a), (d)
Solution:

37. Which of the following are components of NOy species in atmosphere?

(a) HNO₃
(b) CIONO₂
(c) HOONO₂
(d) NO₃
(e) N₂O₅
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: D. (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)
Solution:

38. Darcy's law in a stream is dependent on:

(a) Cross sectional area, hydraulic gradient, coefficient of permeability
(b) Hydraulic gradient, coefficient of permeability, gravitational force
(c) Coefficient of permeability, Frictional force
(d) Gravitational force, Frictional force
(e) Cross sectional area, Gravitational force
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Correct Answer: A. (a) only
Solution:

Darcy's law for flow in a porous medium (or similarly in certain open-channel contexts) is often given by Q = KA (dh/dl), where Q is volumetric flow rate, K is the coefficient of permeability, A is the crosssectional area, and dh/dl is the hydraulic gradient.

This highlights the dependence on cross-sectional area, hydraulic gradient, and permeability. Gravitational or frictional forces are subsumed in K and do not appear separately in the simplest expression of Darcy's law.

39. Match the List-I with List-II.


Choose the correct answer from the optionsgiven below:

(a)(b)(c)(d)
A.IIIIIIVI
B.IVIIIIII
C.IIIIVIII
D.IIIVIIII
Correct Answer: C.
Solution:


40. Which one of the following acts as a cap rock to retain oil in the reservoir rock?

Correct Answer: C. Shale
Solution:

A cap rock is an impermeable layer that prevents petroleum (oil and gas) from escaping the reservoir rock. Shale, being a fine-grained sedimentary rock with very low permeability, commonly serves as the cap rock in many oil fields.

In contrast, sandstone, jointed limestone, and conglomerate are typically more permeable and thus do not effectively trap petroleum.