UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Forensic Science, August-2024

B. Leaded glass is not a soda lime glass. It contains lead oxide (PbO) instead of calcium oxide, which enhances refractive index and brilliance-commonly used in optical instruments and decorative items.

E. Ceramic glass (also known as glassceramic) is a different class of glass with crystalline and amorphous phases, used in cooktops and spacecraft windows due to its thermal stability.

(A) Float glass, (C) Borosilicate glass, and
(D) Tempered glass are either derived from soda-lime composition or made using it before further processing.

However, borosilicate glass has higher silica and boron content and is often considered a distinct type, yet it can be derived from soda-lime. Hence, Leaded and Ceramic glass are the clear non-soda lime types.

A. Both of them are American - Correct. Henry A. Rowland and Albert Abraham Michelson were renowned American physicists.

E. Both of them are professor of physics - Also correct. Rowland was a professor at Johns Hopkins, while Michelson taught at Case School of Applied Science and later at the University of Chicago. They did not work together or in physiology, and they didn't develop LC detector interfaces.

B. They require a shock to initiate their detonation - True. High explosives like RDX, PETN, and TNT are shocksensitive and require a detonator or blasting cap for initiation.

D. They do not burn rather detonate and disintegrate at molecular level - Correct. High explosives undergo detonation, which is a supersonic exothermic reaction, not simple combustion.

(A)is false: High explosives are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary. (C) is false: High explosives detonate at rates above 3000 fps, usually ranging from 5000 to 25,000 fps.

A. A statistical test used to decide whether an experimental value equals a known value → IV. t-test - Used for comparing sample mean with population mean.

B. A statistical method that permits comparison of variances → I. F-test - Compares two variances to test for homogeneity.

C. A measure of how closely replicate data cluster around the mean → II. Standard deviation - Measures data dispersion.

D. The difference between an experimental measurement and accepted value → III. Error - This is the absolute or relative difference.

A. The handwriting of the anonymous letter → III. for which the writer has no desire to have traced back to him by handwriting recognition - Typical of an anonymous note.

B. The signature of a fictitious person→ I. is fabricated on a receipt or other similar document - Often done in fraud cases.

C. The signature of an actual person→ IV. is carefully copied from a genuine signature - Seen in signature forgeries.

D. The handwriting of another person → II. is copied in an endeavour to place the blame elsewhere - A disguised or simulated writing attempt to mislead identification.

A. Semiconductor → IV. SSD (Solid State Drive): SSDs are semiconductor-based storage devices, using NAND flash memory chips. They have no moving parts and are faster, more durable than traditional hard drives.

B. Optical → III. CD (Compact Disc): Optical storage uses laser technology to read/write data. CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs fall under this category.

C. Magnetic → II. Floppy: Magnetic storage relies on magnetized surfaces to store data. Floppy disks and hard drives are traditional examples.

D. Magneto-optical → I. Super floppy: Magneto-optical storage uses both magnetic and optical methods. The Super Floppy (e.g., LS-120 drive) was a high-capacity magneto-optical drive that supported backward compatibility with regular floppies.

A. The speed of burning and strength of black powder → III. is controlled by the size of granulation: Granulation size affects surface area, which controls the burn rate and energy release. Finer grains burn faster.

B. The choking effect of the barrel on the speed of pellets depends on → IV. The quantity of the ammunition, packing of the ingredients of the cartridge, and the wad design: Choking affects pellet spread and velocity, influenced by wad design, powder quantity, and cartridge load.

C. The expanding gases move the cartridge case backward in the II. Recoiloperated repeaters: In recoil-operated firearms, the recoil force (from expanding gases) is used to cycle the mechanism, moving the bolt and cartridge case.

D. The dense powders used in cartridges is coated with dinitrotoluol used to → I. Controls the initial burning and prevents absorption of moisture: Dinitrotoluol (DNT) coating helps stabilize the powder, prevent premature ignition, and resist moisture absorption.

Matching the structures with their correct names:
A-IV: Aspirin
The structure labeled A shows a benzene ring with two substituents: a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and an ester group (-COOCH,). This structure corresponds to Aspirin, which is chemically acetylsalicylic acid. The ester group is derived from salicylic acid, forming Aspirin.

B-I: Saccharin
Structure B contains a benzene ring attached to a sulfonamide group (-SO₂NH) and a carbonyl group (C=O) on the adjacent carbon, forming a heterocyclic lactam ring. This is the characteristic structure of Saccharin, a synthetic sweetener.

C-II: Serotonin
Structure C has a hydroxy group (-OH) and a side chain with -CH₂ CH₂ NH₂ attached to an indole ring, which consists of a benzene fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring. This is the structure of Serotonin, a neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan.

D-III: Benzoic acid
Structure D is a benzene ring directly attached to a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) with no additional substituents. This matches the structure of Benzoic acid, a simple aromatic carboxylic acid.

Hence, the correct matching is: A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III.

Matching the Sanctuaries with their respective States:

• A-III: Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary - Rajasthan The Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, also known as Keoladeo National Park, is located in Rajasthan and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for migratory birds like the Siberian crane.
• B-I: Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary - Odisha Chilika Lake, located in Odisha, is Asia's largest brackish water lagoon and a major destination for migratory birds including flamingos and pelicans.
• C-IV: Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary - Kerala The Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Idukki district of Kerala, known for its dry deciduous forests and endangered species like the grizzled giant squirrel.
• D-II: Govind Wildlife Sanctuary - Uttarakhand Govind Wildlife Sanctuary lies in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, part of the Western Himalayas, and is known for its snow leopards and Himalayan biodiversity.

Matching the Handwriting and Document Terms:

A-II: The combination of basic design of letters and the writing movement as taught in schools → Writing system A writing system includes the alphabet design, spacing, and movement techniques taught in early education.

B-IV: The act of intermittently forcing the pen against the paper surface with increased pressure → Pen emphasis Pen emphasis involves additional pressure to make parts of the writing stand out, often unintentionally indicating emotional or psychological factors.

C-I: Any disconnected style of writing in which each letter is written separately→ Hand lettering Hand lettering refers to a disconnected form of writing, where each character is written individually, common in printing or block letters.

D-III: Any document completely written or signed by one person → Holographic document A holographic document (often a will) is entirely handwritten and signed by the person it pertains to, without need for witnesses in some legal contexts.