UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, Forensic Science, February-2023

Nitramines are a class of explosives that include RDX (Royal Demolition explosive). RDX is a powerful and stable compound that is used in a variety of military, industrial, and demolition applications.

Nitramines are characterized by the presence of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in their molecular structure, which contribute to their high energy and explosive properties.

The most severe fire damage usually occurs at or near the area of origin. This is because the fire tends to burn the longest and hottest at its point of origin, causing the most extensive damage there.

Over time, the fire spreads and its intensity diminishes as the fuel source is exhausted. Identifying the area of most severe damage is key to fire investigation as it can provide clues about where and how the fire started.

Sieving is a method of separating evidence of different sizes from miscellaneous debris. In forensic science, sieving is used to sort through material collected from a crime scene or a suspect's clothing or vehicle, for example.

The material is passed through sieves of different sizes, allowing small items such as fibres, hairs or glass fragments to be separated and collected for further examination.

SDSC, SDHC, SDXC, and SDIO are different types of media storage cards. They stand for Standard Capacity SD, High Capacity SD, eXtended Capacity SD, and Input Output SD respectively. They differ in their storage capacity and speed. SD cards are commonly used in digital cameras, smartphones, and other portable devices.

In human hair, the scale count is significantly smaller in the case of hair from the scalp. The scale count refers to the number of cuticle scales per unit length of hair.

Cuticle scales protect the inner structure of hair and give it strength. Scalp hair, which is exposed to daily wear and tear, typically has a smaller scale count as it's more exposed and thus more susceptible to damage.

The Redox status of the soil, which refers to the balance of oxidation and reduction reactions, is indicated by the soil colour.

Well-aerated soils are typically red or brown due to the oxidation of iron and manganese compounds, indicating a high redox potential. Conversely, waterlogged soils may be grey or blue-green due to the reduction of these compounds, indicating a low redox potential.

The MPM-800 system, a type of spectrophotometer, is used for the colour measurement of paint samples. The device uses light to determine the colorimetric properties of the paint, allowing for precise color matching.

This can be particularly useful in forensic investigations, where accurately determining the color of a paint sample can link a suspect to a crime scene.

Speech production in humans is primarily controlled by the Frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, more specifically by an area known as Broca's area.

This region is responsible for aspects of speech and language production. Damage to this area can result in expressive aphasia, a condition characterized by difficulty in forming words and sentences.

Elastic Bunch Graph Matching (EBGM) is an algorithm used in model-based face recognition techniques. It uses a bunch graph, which is a collection of feature graphs that depict distinctive facial features like the eyes, nose, and mouth.

EBGM then compares these features against known facial patterns, making it capable of handling a wide range of variations in facial appearance.

In the tire code P195/65 R/15, "65" represents the Aspect ratio of the tire. This is the ratio of the height of the tire's crosssection to its width.

In this case, the height is 65% of the tire's width. The aspect ratio can affect a tire's driving characteristics, including its handling, ride comfort, and wear.