UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, INDIAN CULTURE, AUGUST-2024

Gunadhya is the author of Brihatkatha (III), an ancient Sanskrit epic that later influenced many classical Indian literary works. Dandi composed Avantisundari Katha (I), which is known for its poetic excellence. Bhas, one of the earliest playwrights in Sanskrit literature, wrote Avibharak (II). Magh authored Shishupal Vadh (IV), a celebrated Sanskrit epic describing the killing of Shishupal by Krishna.

The global economic recession began in 1929 (III), severely affecting economies worldwide. The prices of agricultural products fell drastically, with a 50% decline occurring around 1932 (IV). The All India States Peoples Congress was established in 1927 (II) to address issues of princely states and promote responsible governance. The Chamber of Princes was established in 1921 (I) to represent the interests of princely states under British rule.

Al-Biruni hailed from Khwarazm (modern Uzbekistan) and visited India during Mahmud of Ghazni's reign. Ibn Batuta was from Tainjier (modern-day Morocco) and traveled extensively across Africa, the Middle East, and India. Jyon-Baptiste Travarnier was a French traveler who documented Indian society and economy. Abdur Razzak was a Persian diplomat and traveler who visited the Vijayanagara Empire.

Swami Vivekananda made this statement, emphasizing the inclusivity of Hindu philosophy. He challenged the idea that salvation was exclusive to Hindus, asserting that the core of Hinduism embraced all religions. His teachings promoted religious harmony and spiritual unity.

The Natmandir and Bhogmandir were later additions to the Lingraj Temple, one of the most significant Shaivite temples in India. Built in the 11th century during the rule of the Somavamsi dynasty, it represents the peak of Kalinga temple architecture.

Interpreting Indian History is not a work related to Subaltern Studies. Subaltern Studies focus on the history of marginalized groups, particularly peasants, workers, and other non-elite classes. The other options-studies on agricultural workers in Vardhaman, forestry protests in British Kumaon, and the four rebels of 1857- are part of the Subaltern Studies Group's research.

Mahatma Gandhi made this statement to reflect his belief in religious pluralism and universal brotherhood. He emphasized that his identity was not confined to a single religion but encompassed all faiths, promoting unity among diverse communities.

D.P. Mukherjee was a prominent sociologist who advocated the principle of dualism in social change. He believed that Indian society evolved through the interaction of tradition and modernity, where traditional values coexisted with new influences brought by colonialism and industrialization.

Pallava King Mahendra Verman I encouraged rock-cut temple construction, avoiding the use of bricks, wood, metal, or mortar. His contributions to Dravidian architecture include cave temples carved directly from rocks, such as those in Mamallapuram.

Acharya Hemchandra was a significant figure in Jain philosophy and literature. He composed numerous texts on Jain doctrine, grammar, and ethics. His scholarly contributions helped establish Jain philosophy as a major intellectual tradition in medieval India.