UGC NTA NET/JRF Exam, INDIAN CULTURE, AUGUST-2024

The Age of Consent Bill of 1891 was passed to increase the minimum age of cohabitation for married girls from 10 to 12 years. This bill was introduced by the British government after the outcry following the death of an 11-year-old child bride due to marital consummation. It was an important step toward social reform and women's rights in colonial India.

Hosain Ahmad was the first Bengali Muslim graduate of Calcutta University. His achievement marked a significant milestone for the Muslim community in Bengal, encouraging more Muslims to pursue higher education during British rule.

The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1870 by Mahadev Govind Ranade and his asscciates. It was an important political organization that aimed to represent public opinion in colonial India and worked toward social, economic, and political reforms.

Indian Society of Oriental Art was founded in Bengal by Abanindranath Tagore, the nephew of Rabindranath Tagore. He was a pioneer of the Bengal School of Art and promoted Indian traditional artistic styles as a response to Western academic art.

Among the given poets, Mir, Mirza Ghalib, and Nazir were renowned Urdu poets of the 19th century. Shah Abdul Latif and Waris Shah were important poets, but they primarily composed poetry in Sindhi and Punjabi, respectively, not Urdu.

Madad-i-Mash and Suyurghal were grants given by Mughal emperors to scholars, religious figures, and nobles for maintaining certain areas of land. Amlak referred to state-controlled land, and Aimma grants were given to religious institutions.

Mahavir, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, was known by titles such as Arhat, Nirgranth, and Jin. Tathagat was a term used for Buddha, and Shakya referred to the clan of Buddha, making those terms incorrect in this context.

Sukhsain and Lal Khan Mahan were famous musicians in the court of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Music flourished under his reign, and he was a great patron of the arts, including Hindustani classical music.

C.G. Gaide proposed the periodization of Harappan civilization as 2350-1700 BС. Sir John Marshall, who played a crucial role in excavating the Indus Valley sites, suggested a timeline of 3250-2750 ВС, which was later revised by other scholars.

Gadashirsha, Spade, and Sickles (Bansuli) are Neolithic tools. The Neolithic period was characterized by the development of agriculture and the use of polished stone tools like sickles for harvesting, spades for digging, and grinding stones for processing grains. Burin and Scraper were primarily used during the Paleolithic period.